诊断与防治.PPTVIP

Other Bacteria 其他细菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌 Haemophilus influenza流感嗜血杆菌 Legionella pneumophila嗜肺军团菌 Bordetella pertussis百日咳鲍特菌 Pseudomonas假单胞菌属 P.aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌 Typical Organisms flagella （is motile） 有鞭毛,运动活泼 obligate aerobe 需氧 最适温度35℃ Produce water-soluble pigments 产生水溶性色素 菌落大小不一,边缘不齐 溶血环 抵抗力强 Pathogenesis致病性 widely distributed in nature .It can colonize normal humans广泛存在自然界与人体，为人体内的正常菌群 is pathogenic only when introduced into areas devoid of normal defenses 皮肤粘膜受损部位 It is primarily a nosocomial pathogen医院感染病原体。 The bacterium attaches to and colonizes the mucous membranes or skin，invades locally，and produces systemic disease（the symptoms and signs are nonspecific and are related to the organ involved） infection of wounds and burns伤口和烧伤感染，meningitis，urinary tract infection，necrotizing pneumonia坏死性肺炎 and infection of eye。 In infants or debilitated persons极度衰弱的人:invade the bloodstream and result in fatal sepsis败血症。 诊断与防治 标本取炎症分泌物、脓液、血液等分离培养 预防：伤口、手术器械等严格消毒 治疗：可选用庆大霉素、多粘菌素等 Haemophilus嗜血杆菌属 H.influenzae流感嗜血杆菌 small，gram-negative bacillus革兰阴性小杆菌 on rich medium it has a defined capsule在营养丰富的培养基上可见明显的荚膜 requires fresh blood (X and V factors) for growth 生长需要X和V因子（新鲜血液） chocolate agar巧克力色平板 satellite phenomenon卫星现象 encapsulated (types a-f) and nonencapsulated (or non-typable) strains The capsular polysaccharides of type b is the major virulence factor b型毒力最强 卫星现象（satellite phenomenon） 致病物质 荚膜 菌毛 内毒素 IgA蛋白酶 所致疾病 诊断与防治 Legionella军团菌属 L. pneumophila嗜肺军团菌 gram-negative bacteria革兰阴性杆菌 aerobic ，fastidious， grow slowly 需氧菌，营养要求较苛刻，且生长缓慢 often stain poorly by Gram’s method，Silver stains can be used常规染色不易着色，常用镀银法染色 ubiquitous in warm moist environments 在温暖潮湿的环境中普遍存在 survives temperature up to 63℃ 在高至63℃的温度下它们也能存活 Pathogenesis Infection commonly follows inhalation of the bacteria from aerosols generated from heavily contaminated cooling towers，air-conditioning systems and shower heads 主要通过呼吸道吸入严重污染冷却塔、空调系统和淋浴龙头气溶胶中的细菌而感染 Symptom