以生态为导向的河海工程管理.PPT

Management of Rivers and coastal waters under the aspect of Ecologically oriented Engineering Volkhard Wetzel 教授兼所長 德國聯邦水資源研究所 陸域地面水體之水質標準 * 以生態為導向的河海工程管理 關鍵字 1.河海水體管理(Management of Rivers and Costal Waters) 2.生態導向工程(Ecologically Oriented Engineering) 3.歐盟水環境架構指導方針(EC Water Framework Directive) 4.河川流域管理(River Basin Management) 5.河床底質管理(River Bedload Management) 6. 沉積物運移(Sediment Transportation) 7.魚道(Fish Pass)、魚類遷徙(Fish Migration) 8.丁壩(Groin)、縱向丁霸/縱防波堤(Longitudinal Groin) 易北河以快速重建為前提，因為這條河比萊茵河擁有較高變化河型構造。(The River Elbe was preconditioned for a fast recolonization, because this river possesses a much higher structural variety than the Rhine.) 易北河的生物族群可以快速再定殖的先決條件，是因為這條河比萊茵河擁有較高變化河型構造。 有些種類在防波堤的熱氣下最繁盛。(Some species are most abundant at the groin heats.) 有些種類在丁壩頭的激流處最繁盛。 根據德國國家環境法規，高度發展的水體地區必須靠設立一些改善的設施或區域以為補償。(Considerable expansions of the water body have, according to the national German environmental laws, to be compensated by installation of compensation areas.) 根據德國國家環境法規，過度擴張的水域必須靠補償地區的設置進行補償。 heads Mating flight of Ephoron virgo Newspaper headline: “Millions of flies; alert in Bonn; scenes like in a horror movie” Groin Fields as Habitats ? Flow direction ? ? ‘ ? ‘ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1. Groin head 2. Groin saddle exposed to current 3. Groin saddle not exposed to flow 4. Aggregation zone 5. Sedimentation zone 6. Navigation channel stone, high flow velocity stone, medium flow velocity mud, low flow velocity sand, low flow velocity free-water, variable flow conditions embankment pioneer- vegetation Elbe inclined groyne modified type I modified type II Different Groin Types New constructed shallow waters and areas with reduced wave impact Guided dykes Disposal of Dredged Material disposal Fish pass at Iffezheim (Rhine) A German-French joint project Pool-type Fish Passes 池式魚道 River Elbe, the migratory device at the weir Geesthacht The entire facility was built