河北省土壤侵蚀类型及时空分布特征剖析.docVIP

河北省土壤侵蚀类型及时空分布特征剖析 　　摘要:通过对河北省土壤侵蚀的分析,研究该区土壤侵蚀的类型和空间分布特征。结果表明土壤侵蚀以水力侵蚀为主,区域内河流的土壤侵蚀模数变化幅度较大,虽具有相同流域面积,但侵蚀量却相差数百倍。土壤侵蚀受地形、土壤性质、降雨量和植被覆盖率等的影响,通过1980年前后各水系侵蚀量对比分析,发现植被的改善对减少该地区土壤侵蚀起到了重要作用。分析该区土壤侵蚀量时空分布的结果显示,土壤侵蚀量年内和年际变化幅度均大于降水量变化幅度,年一次较大降水的侵蚀模数占全年平均侵蚀模数的24.5%～100%,最大年泥沙侵蚀模数是多年平均值的2.2～14.1倍。分析并掌握河北省土壤侵蚀主要类型及时空分布特征,可以为主管部门制定水保措施、治理水土流失提供科学依据。 　　关键词:土壤侵蚀;侵蚀模数;侵蚀量;空间分布;植被覆盖率 　　中图分类号:S157.1;X826文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1683(2010)03-0083-05 　　 　　Analysis of Soil Erosion and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Hebei Province 　　YUE Shu-tang1,SHEN Wan-ming2, QIAO Guang-jian3 　　(1.Hebei Province Hydrology and Water Resources Survey,Shijiazhuang 050031,China; 　　2.Handan Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey,Handan 056001,China; 　　3.Xingtai Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey,Xingtai 054000,China) 　　Abstract: 　　The analysis of soil erosion in Hebei Province was conducted to study the type of soil erosion and the characteristic of spatial and temporal distribution.The results showed that the type of soil erosion was caused mainly by water.Soil erosion modulus varied greatly,though within the same drainage area. Soil erosion was influenced by topography,soil properties,rainfalls and vegetation coverage.The comparative analysis of before and after 1980 showed that the improvement of vegetation could reduce soil erosion effectively.Through analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution,it was found that the variation of soil erosion amount was larger than the variation of precipitation in the year and between the years. In a large precipitation, erosion modulus was 24.5%～100% of average annual erosion modulus. The maximum annual sediment erosion modulus was 2.2～14.1 times of the average.The main types and the temporal and spatial distribution of soil erosion in Hebei Province were analyzed and grasped to provide scientific basis for the authorities to formulate water conservation measures and control soil erosion. 　　Key words: soil erosion;erosion modulus;er