《彩虹解析》-毕业论文.doc

PAGE 3 l 教学单位 XXXXXXX工程学院 学生学号 09XXXXXXX 本 校 的 图 片 本科毕业论文（设计） 题　　目　 彩虹解析　　　 学生姓名　 XX　　　 专业名称　　 物理学　　　 指导教师　　 XXX　　　 2012年　12　月　10　日 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT I 彩虹解析 摘要：本文展现一个真实的彩虹现象，从物理的角度去了解彩虹，阐释彩虹形成的光学原理。建立模型，从数学角度解释彩虹形成的原因，利用微积分详细地计算出形成彩虹时光线的偏离角。并由此进一步解释彩虹的颜色、形状和成因。同时还涉及到应用几何光学的原理和微元法，通过计算得到定量结果，对于虹和霓的成因给出明确的物理解释。 人们一般只能目睹两条虹的存在：一条是经一次内反射形成的主虹；另一条是经过两次内反射形成的副虹——霓。本文以反射、折射、色散、笛卡尔光线、最小偏向角、对日点等基本概念为基础，较客观地解释“雨后复斜阳，彩虹舞当空”的成因，初步阐明虹可以观测的基本外显特点的物理机制。并强调对虹现象的理论解释也将随物理学的发展而日益完善。 关键词：虹；霓；几何光学原理；偏折角；散射角 Rainbow analytic Abstract：This graduation design is to show people a real rainbow phenomenon, to understand the rainbow from scientific point view. At the same time in the research process, we can understand the rainbow from optical principle. We establish mathematical model to explanation the rainbow reasons, and make use of the infinitesimal calculus knowledge to calculate the detailed deviation angle when light rainbow formes, and explain the colors, shape and causes of rainbow. At the same time also involve the application of geometrical optics principle and micro element methods, and the quantitative results through the calculation. We give clear physical interpretation of rainbow phenomenon and secondary rainbow phenomenon. We can usually see two rainbows at the present, one is by an internal reflection formation of primary rainbow; The other one is after two internal reflection formed secondary rainbow. Based on the conpects of reflection, refraction, dispersion, descartes ray, minimum deviation Angle, to the day, we explain such as basis, more objectively explain the origin cause of after the rain after setting sun, rainbow dance”. We clarify rainbow’s basic observation characteristics of physical mechanism, and emphasizes that the rainbow phenomenon theory will be explained perfectly with the development of physics. Key words：Rainbow Phenomenon; Secondary Rainbow; Geometric Optical Principle; Deviation Angle; HYPERLINK app:ds:sc