定语从句讲解-总结.doc

· ·· 定语从句讲解 一．定语从句 注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 如： ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， 如： ③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5： 主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。 3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 二．定语从句（从句部分） 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词， 如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。 数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 一．关系代词which的用法 先行词 格 主格 所有格 宾格 事、物、动物 which whose=of which which English is a language. It is spoken all over the world. = English is a language which is spoken all over the world. 英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。 He looked for a car. The engine of the car was in good condition. =He looked for a car the engine of which was in good condition. Where is the parcel? We received it this morning. = Where is the parcel (which) we received this morning? 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里？ 二．关系代词that的用法 先行词 格 主格 所有格 宾格 人、物、动物 that whose that He s in love with a girl that/who has red hair. 他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。 Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like. 棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 三．注意that/ which区别： 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experienced. 今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。 （2）先行词被序数词修饰 2. The first thing (that) you have to do is to study mathema