海底热水活动hydrothermalactivityWhatishydrothermal.pdf

2017 11. hydrothermal activity • what is hydrothermal activity? • Outline of hydrothermal circulation •Role •Mechanism •Field Examples What is hydrothermal activity • Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal field hydrothermal activity Indian Ocean : Kairei Hydrothermal Field : max 400°C Courtesy of Dr. K. Takai 300-400℃1m/s TAG Known site of hydrothermal venting (2006) (Tivey, 2007, Oceanography) -1 • • • -2 • • -3 • • • event plumes @ northern Lau spreading center (VENTS program,/vents/PlumeStudies/ne-lau/index.html ) 3D hydrothermal circulation for the fast-spreading ridge (Hasenclever et al., 2014 Nature) conductive cooling (theoretical) convection (Stein and Stein, 1996) “Long-standing mysteries” 1/2 (Tivey, M., Oceanus, 42, 2004) • When scientists in Alvin discovered the first active hydrothermal system in 1977 at the Galápagos Rift, they found warm fluids, later determined to be a blend of cold seawater and