成像系统中模拟前端噪声的研究.docVIP

CCD成像系统中模拟前端噪声的研究 为了提高CCD成像电子学系统的信噪比， 设计了 3种模拟前端电路，借助Oread软件对它们的 输出波形进行比较，分析电路结构与噪声产生机理的 关系，从理论上比较3种电路结构的噪声水平。然后 采用三线阵CCD探测器KLI8023和视频处理器 TDA9965在硬件上实现3路模拟前端的电路设计，并 通过X64-LVDS采集卡分别将3路图像信息显示在终端 机上。毎个像元成像50次，统计这50次的均方差（噪 声）和信噪比，通过拟合曲线比较三路模拟前端的噪 声水平和信噪比。在相同光照条件下，第1路的信噪 比达到750 dB,第3路只有600 dB，验证了理论分析 的结果，讨论不同像元频率、带宽与信噪比的关系， 为今后的成像系统电路设计提供参考和实验依据。 关键词：CCD成像系统；模拟前端；噪声；信噪 TN386.5-34 A文章编 :1004-373X(2011)24-0113-05 Research of Noise at Analog Front End in CCD Imaging System ZHANG Hang, LIU Dong-bin, LI Wei, ZHANG Da (Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China) Abstract： In order to increase the signal noise ratio of the imaging system, three kinds of the analog front end design are proposed. By the electronic analysis software Oread, the different output waveform of the three kinds of design are contrasted for analyzing the relationship between the circuit and the mechanism of noise generation. The noise level of the three circuits was compared theoretically. The PCB design of analog front end is finished with three-line array CCD KLI-8023 and 12 bit analog-to-digital interface TDA9965. The image information is displayed on the terminal computer through the frame grabber X64-LVDS. Every pixel images 50 times, and then the mean-square deviation (noise) of the 50 times is calculated. The noise level and SNR (signal noise ratio) at three-route front end are compared by the aid of fitting curves. Under the same condition of light signal, the SNR of the first route is 750 dB, and the SNR of the third route is only 600 dB. The result can testify pre-analysis in theory. The relationship among pixel frequency, bandwidth and SNR is discussed. The research can provide the experimental data as reference for the circuit design of imaging systems in future. Keywords： CCD imaging system; analog front end; noise; SNR 0引言 CCD电荷耦合器件的基本结构是一种密排的 M0S电容器，能够存储由入射光在CCD光敏单元激发 出的光信息电荷，并能在适当的时钟脉冲驱动下，把 储存的电荷以电荷包的形式定向传输转移，从而完成 从光信号到