大学教育-理学-离心泵.pptVIP

* The motor performance characteristic curves shown here were constructed based on the MotorMaster+ database values for Design B motors. The average efficiencies of energy efficient motors (exceeding NEMA MG 1 Table 12-10 values) was calculated, and polynomial fits were used to create the curves shown. It is worth noting that there may be a few percentage points of efficiency that can be gained if the motor in service is very old or degraded. It will almost never be cost effective to simply replace a standard efficiency motor with a premium efficiency motor, however (as long as the existing motor is functional). The synchronous speed of an induction motor is calculated as: Synchronous rpm = 7200 ? number of poles Induction motors dont run at quite the synchronous speed - they slow down slightly as load is increased. The difference between actual and synchronous speed is called slip. Slip tends to be smaller for newer, energy efficient motors than older, standard efficiency motors, meaning that the energy efficient motors run a little faster for a given load. And as weve seen, the pump shaft load is roughly proportional to the cube of the speed, so simply replacing an old motor with a new, premium efficiency motor wont necessarily reduce energy consumption - it may actually increase it! 在此所显示的电机性能特征曲线是根据用于设计B电机的电机主控制器MASTER和数据库数值构造形成的，高效电机的平均效率(超过美国全国电气制造商协会MG 1标准表格12-10当中数值的要求)被计算出来，同时利用多项式产生所示的特性曲线。 值得注意的是如果电机使用时间很长或降级，所获得的效率百分点将非常小。仅仅简单的利用高级电机替换标准效率的电机几乎不可能获得高的成本效益。但是（当现有的电机能够运行的时候） 感应电机的同步速度可以利用如下方法计算： 同步转数rpm = 7200×极的数目 感应电机在恰好为同步速度时是不能运行的-当负载增加时缓慢降低。实际与同步速度之间的差动被人们称为打滑，对于更新型高效电机，该种电机比给定负载运行稍微快一些，打滑将趋向于更小。正如同我们所见，泵轴负载与速度的立方近似成比例关系，因此简单利用新型，高效率电机替换旧电机不是降低能量消耗的必然方法，实际上可能提高了能量消耗！ * * * Eddy current efficiency is essentially linear with speed; losses are very low at full speed. The curve shown here accounts for the performance characteristic of the motor used with the PWM drives tested. Eddy current performance reference: Pump Handbook, second edition, Ka