阀控能量回收装置用分腔式切换器设计与性能研究-膜科学与技术专业论文.docxVIP

i i 摘 要 能量回收装置是降低反渗透海水淡化系统能耗的关键设备，阀控能量回收装 置是其中最主要的产品类型之一。流体切换器做为能量回收装置的核心，主要用 来引导高压盐水和泄压盐水有规律的进出能量回收装置。流体切换器的设计开发 对于能量回收装置至关重要。 本文在课题组对阀控能量回收装置研究的基础上，针对现有切换器结构复 杂、高压盐水流量压力不稳定等问题，设计开发了用于阀控能量回收装置的分腔 式流体切换器，分析了切换器高压腔和低压腔结构设计特点，制造了高压腔通道 无重叠和有重叠的两种切换器。建立了能量回收装置“一键式”控制平台及相应 的数据采集存储系统。 在目标流量为 1.0m3/h和 2.0m3/h时，对安装有两种切换器的阀控能量回收装 置的流体力学特性分别进行了实验测试和分析。结果表明：无重叠切换器对应系 统的高压盐水流量Qbi、低压海水流量Qsi、泄压盐水流量Qbo、增压海水流量Qso、 泄压盐水压力Pbo、增压海水压力Pso均呈周期性向下波动的趋势，高压盐水压力 Pbi和低压海水压力Psi均呈现与流量对应的周期性向上波动，这均与切换器转换 工作位过程转芯处于密封区引起的断流、憋压有关。有重叠切换器对应系统的高 压盐水流量Qbi、增压海水流量Qso、高压盐水压力Pbi、增压海水压力Pso波动很 小，基本实现了无波动运行，这是因为高压腔流道开度的增大使得切换器在转换 工作位过程，高压盐水能够连续的供给，保证了其流量和压力的稳定性。 变工况或实际操作等过程可能出现流量不匹配的情况。为了检测所设计的分 腔式切换器对流量不匹配的适应性，论文分别对安装有两种结构分腔式切换器的 能量回收装置进行了流量不匹配实验。实验结果表明，所设计的分腔式切换器， 尤其是有重叠分腔式切换器在流量不匹配的情况下，流量压力的波动较小，对流 量不匹配情况的适应性较好。另外，与过流相比，过冲情况下高压盐水和增压海 水的流量压力波动性更小。 关键词：反渗透海水淡化 阀控能量回收装置 分腔式切换器 高压流道重叠 ii ii ABSTRACT Energy recovery device (ERD) is of great importance for significantly reducing the power consumption of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants, and of which the piston-type ERD is one of the typital products on the market.As the core of ERD,the fluid switcher is mainly for guiding the high pressure brine and depressurized brine to and out of ERD. In this paper, based on the previous research development of the research group who studied on the valve-concrolled ERD and against the problems including leakage、compicated structure、fluctuations of the flow and pressure of the high pressre seawater and so on, an innovative separate-chamber type fluid switcher for the FS-ERD was designed and manufactured. Structure design characteristics of high pressure chamber and low pressure chamber for the fluid switcher were introduced and analyzed. Non-overlapped and overlapped of the high pressure ports of the switcher were manufactered. Control plateform of one touch start for ERD and data acquisition system were set up. The fluid dynamic performance of the ERD installed with new type fluid switchers was experime