非弹性蹦球的动力学研究-理论物理专业论文.docxVIP

西北 西北师范大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 颗粒物质是我们生活中最常见的物质之一，但是人们对其运动规律还没有足 够清楚的认识。诸如振动颗粒床上所出现的巴西果效应、三明治现象、斑图等， 现在还不能从理论上给予圆满的解释。而这些现象在农业，矿业，制药等领域都 经常碰到，所以对颗粒物质的研究显得很有意义。 在稀疏的颗粒气体体系中，由于颗粒间的非弹性碰撞导致体系能量耗散，为 了保证颗粒不发生团簇，必须向体系输入能量，这常是采用边壁加热的方法实现 的；而无论振动颗粒床中的颗粒和振动台的作用，还是稀疏颗粒气体和容器壁的 作用都可以近似看作蹦球模型。尽管实际的颗粒体系更加复杂些，但对于蹦球模 型的研究对认识颗粒体系的一些性质是有裨益的。 本文在介绍颗粒物质体系中奇特的现象和常用的模拟方法的基础上，着重讨 论非弹性蹦球的运动规律，采用不同的方法对非弹性蹦球模型进行模拟研究，并 利用最大 Lyapunov 指数和 0-1 检测方法对蹦球的运动特征进行检测验证，发现 其运动是很复杂的，表现出倍周期分岔和混沌等非线性现象。研究中还针对空气 阻尼、碰撞恢复系数等对蹦球运动的影响做了讨论，发现在有空气阻尼或较大的 碰撞恢复系数下，蹦球的运动会更容易进入混沌，这些都从一个侧面反映了颗粒 体系中颗粒运动的复杂性，也对颗粒床上颗粒的分离等现象的研究有一定的启发 意义。 关键词：颗粒物质；蹦球模型；混沌 非弹 非弹性蹦球的动力学研究 II II Abstract Granular materials are ubiquitous in our daily lives; however, people do not clearly understand the law of motion about it. For example, we still cannot theoretically interpret the Brazil Nut Effect, Sandwich-like segregation, granular patterns in vibrated granular materials bed, while all of these phenomenons often appear in the fields like agriculture, mine industry, pharmacy and so on, so the research of granular materials turns out to be very significant. In rare granular gas system, it would loss its kinetic energy due to inelastic collisions among particles. For avoiding clustering, energy must be input into the system from outside, which is usually realized through boundary heating. Whatever the force between particles and vibrator or the force between the particles of rare granular gas and container boundary, both cases can be approximately considered as bouncing ball model. Although the granular system is much more complex than this, the research of bouncing ball would be conducive to understand the granular system. In my thesis, on the basis of introducing some peculiar phenomenons of granular materials and commonly used simulation method, I would put the importance on the research of bouncing ball model. Different approaches are adopted. I also use the maximal Lyapunov Exponent and 0-1 test to detect the motion of inelastic bouncing ball an