大跨度桥梁结构平均风特性与脉动风特性影响研究-结构工程专业论文.docx

Classified Index: TU352.2 U.D.C:624. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering THE EFFECTS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAN WIND AND FLUCTUATE WIND ON LONG-SPAN BRIDGE Candidate: Jiao Lina Supervisor: Prof. Xiao Yiqing Academic Degree Applied for: Master in Engineering Speciality: Structural Engineering Affiliation: Shenzhen Graduate School Date of Defence: December 2009 Degree-Conferring-Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology 摘 要 风荷载是建筑结构的一种典型动力荷载，随着大跨度桥梁结构的不断出现， 风荷载对大跨度桥梁结构的作用开始备受关注。本文从平均风和脉动风的一些特 性方面对大跨度桥梁结构进行了静力和动力的响应分析，主要内容如下： 1) 在直角坐标系下，建立了平均风速空间分布计算模型，在此模型的基础上， 分析了风速水平分布不均匀性对桥梁主梁静力抗风的影响。结果表明，风场非对 称参数和风场的大小对桥梁主梁的位移变形有很大的影响，如果不考虑风速的水 平分布不均匀性，计算的位移变形就会偏大。 2) 基于 Fluent 软件，采用分状态强迫振动的方法，对南京长江二桥断面进行 了数值模拟，识别了在不同初始风攻角下的颤振导数，并计算了相应的颤振临界 风速。一方面，在初始风攻角为 0°的情况下，对颤振导数进行了识别，并与风洞 试验进行了对比，验证了本文数值模拟的正确性；另一方面，计算了不同初始风 攻角下的颤振临界风速，结果表明初始风攻角对桥梁失稳时的颤振临界风速是有 影响的，桥梁在负的初始风攻角下比在正的初始风攻角下有更好的颤振稳定性。 3) 用频域方法对杨浦大桥(斜拉桥)和润扬长江大桥(悬索桥)进行了抖振计算 分析，探讨了脉动风的一些特性对大跨度桥梁结构抖振响应的影响。结果发现， 常用风速谱的在高频域的能量分布直接影响抖振的响应，当水平向风速谱和竖向 风速谱采用 Von Karman 谱时，抖振响应值随着湍流积分尺度的增大而减小。 关键词：大跨度桥梁；平均风特性；脉动风特性；颤振；抖振 Abstract Wind load is one of the typical dynamic loads on building structures, the effect of wind load upon long-span bridge structure has been concerned with the emergence of long-span bridges. The influence of some wind characteristics on the aerostatic and aerodynamic analysis has been researched in this thesis, the main contents are as following: The model of the spatial non-uniformity of wind speed has been established in the Cartesian coordinates. The influence of the charecteristic of horizontal non-uniformity of wind speed on the aerostatic behavior of the bidge girder is analyzed based on the established model. The results showed that the non-symmetric parameters and the size of wind field had a great impact on the displacement deformation of the main girder. The displacement deformation will be too large if the the charecteristic of horizontal non-uniformity of wind speed is ignored. The flutter de