成像激光雷达系统背景辐射噪声的偏振抑制-光学专业论文.docxVIP

Classified Index: O438 U.D.C.: 535 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Science BACKGROUGD NOISE SUPRRESSION OF IMAGINGE LASER RADAR SYSTEM USING POLARIZATION METHOD Candidate： Han Hong Supervisor： Prof. Zhao Yuan Academic Degree Applied for： Master of Science Specialty： Optics Affiliation： Department of Physics Date of Defence： June, 2009 Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institute of Technology 摘 要 非扫描成像激光雷达成像系统，避免了传统激光雷达扫描速度慢、体积 庞大、成本高等缺陷，利用调制散射光照明 和焦平面阵列探测，具有帧速 高、功耗低、体积小、成本低等诸多优点。非扫描成像激光雷达是现在激光 雷达的发展趋势之一。 然而，由于背景噪声使非扫描激光雷达不能够全天候应用，因此如何减 弱背景噪声对非扫描激光雷达系统的影响，提高激光雷达性能成为急需解决 的问题。 本文对偏振光的传输矩阵进行推导。分析大气中瑞利散射、米氏散射和 大气分子散射的偏振特性。区分目标的单次散射和多次散射，并对单次散射 的偏振特性进行研究，然后解释引起目标退偏振现象的原因。 进行背景辐射光偏振分析和信号光的偏振分析。提出适合主动成像激光 雷达成像的发射和接收光学系统。根据非扫描成像激光雷达系统设计出不受 大气等外界条件限制的偏振抑噪方案。 最后对本文提出的偏振抑噪方案进行原理验证实验。先在真实外场环境 下提取出背景辐射光的偏振信息，对背景辐射光偏振信息的提取进行实验验 证。然后进行模拟光源的偏振抑噪实验，对偏振抑噪方案进行验证。最后进 行了激光光源偏振抑噪实验，并进行了信号光偏振信息的提取实验，对偏振 抑噪方案能提取信号光进行验证。 关键词：激光雷达；背景辐射噪声；偏振抑制 Abstract Non-scanning imaging laser radar avoid the mechanical scanning of traditional laser radar, which courses some defects of slow scanning speed, bulky and higher cost. The use of modulation light scattering and focal plane arrays have many advantages of high speed frame, low power consumption, small size, and low cost. Non-scanning imaging laser radar laser radar is one of the most developed trends. However, non-scanning lidar can not be applied for full-time, because of the effect of the background scattering. Therefore, how to debase the background noise and to improve the signal to noise ratio have become the urgent subject, which need to be resolved. In this thesis, the polarizer transmission matrix analyzed. The polarization characteristics of atmospheric scattering, including Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering and atmospheric molecular scattering, have been investigated. Single scattering and multiple scattering on the object have been distinguished. We study the polarization properties of single scattering and explain the reason