单压余热锅炉的热力学性能分析-热能工程专业论文.docx

重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要 重庆大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 I I 摘 要 能量的传递和转换过程广泛存在于工业生产的各个领域，因此，加深对能量 传递过程的认识，探讨能量传递过程中的基本规律对于控制和改善能量的传递过 程具有重要的意义。 能量在传递和转换的过程中守恒，而火用在传递和转换的过程中不守恒，因此， 火用必有其独特的传递和转换规律。研究火用的传递和转换规律具有重要的理论和现 实意义。目前对余热锅炉火用传递规律的分析研究很少。 本课题从火用传递的观点出发，基于热力学第一和第二定律，在不考虑流阻与 考虑流阻的条件下，对工作在环境温度以上的单压余热锅炉换热过程的火用传递基 本特性进行了研究。首次提出了余热锅炉的传火用有效度、传热有效度等概念，并 导出相应的计算式；系统地讨论了传热单元数、冷热流体热容量比等参数对余热 锅炉的传热和传火用过程的影响。此外，还对比了不考虑流阻与考虑流阻情况下的 传火用有效度；并且将传火用有效度和传热有效度的结果进行了比较。 结果表明：对于由省煤器、蒸发器、过热器组合而成的单压余热锅炉，在相 同的情况下，其传热有效度总是大于它的传火用有效度；不考虑流阻时的传火用有效 度也总是大于考虑流阻时的传火用有效度；且余热锅炉的传火用有效度和传热有效度 随传热单元数以及冷热流体热容量比的变化呈现不同的规律。 关键词：余热锅炉，传火用，传热，有效度，单元数 重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 II II ABSTRACT The process of energy transfer and conversion is widely used in the field of industries. It is important to understand the basic rules of energy transfer processes for controlling and improving the processes. Energy is conservative in its transfer and conversion process, while exergy is non-conservative for the irreversibility in its transfer process. Thus, the exergy must have its particular rules. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the rules of exergy transfer and conversion. But there is a lack of the research of exergy transfer on heat recovery steam generator. This paper is based on “The first and the second thermodynamic laws”. In considering the flow friction or not, the exergy transfer characteristics is investigated in a single-pressure heat recovery steam generator which operating above the surrounding temperature. Exergy transfer effectiveness and heat transfer effectiveness are firstly derived and their equations have been provided. The effects of heat transfer unit number and the ratio of heat capacities of the cold fluid to the hot fluid on heat transfer processes and exergy transfer processes of heat recovery steam generator are discussed systemically. In addition, contraste the exergy transfer effectiveness for zero pressure drop and that for a finite pressure drop. Meanwhile, exergy tran