数据库ch2-relatonal model.ppt

Chapter2 Relational Model Chapter 2: Relational Model Contents Structure of Relational Databases Fundamental Relational-Algebra-Operations Additional Relational-Algebra-Operations Extended Relational-Algebra-Operations Null Values Modification of the Database Why study Widely used Simple data structure Basic Structure Each row of a relation can be referred to as tuple Each column of a relation has a name ? named columns of a relation are referred to as attributes The set of allowed values for each attribute is called the domain of the attribute Basic Structure Domain- legal type and range of values of an attributedenoted by dom(Ai) Attribute: Age Domain: [0-100] Attribute: EmpName Domain: 50 alphabetic chars Attribute: Salary Domain: non-negative integer Has 3 attributes ? customer_name, customer_street, customer_city Relation Formally, given sets D1, D2, …. Dn a relation r is a subset of  D1 x D2 x … x DnThus, a relation is a set of n-tuples (a1, a2, …, an) where each ai ? Di 例如：D1=MAN={王兵，李平，张英}， D2=WOMAN={丁梅，吴芳} D3=CHILD={王一，李一，李二} 笛卡尔积可以表示为一个二维表，表中的每一行对应一个元组，每一列对应一个域 MAN WOMAN CHILD 王兵 丁梅 王一 王兵 丁梅 李一 王兵 丁梅 李二 王兵 吴芳 王一 王兵 吴芳 李一 王兵 吴芳 李二 李平 丁梅 王一 李平 丁梅 李一 李平 丁梅 李二 李平 吴芳 王一 李平 吴芳 李一 李平 吴芳 李二 例如：假设王兵的妻子是丁梅，他们的孩子是王一，李平的妻子是吴芳，他们的孩子是李一和李二，则取笛卡尔积的一个子集构造一个关系FAMILY Relation Schema A1, A2, …, An are attribute names R = (A1, A2, …, An ) is a relation schema customer_schema = (customer_name, customer_street, customer_city) r(R) denotes a relation r on the relation schema R customer (customer_schema) The current values (relation instance) of a relation are specified by a table Basic structure Attribute values are (nor