专业英语 radiodiagnosis in the circulaory system.pptVIP

Radiodiagnosis in the Circulatory System 　　　　　广医二院放射科　侯仲军 Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Questions 1.How to take the radiographies of PA and LA? 2.What are the normal findings of the lung ? 3.How to demarcate the lung fields and pulmonary zones? 4.To describe the lung anatomy. 5.To describe lesions in mass and exudation in the lung. Techniques Normal Chest Films Description of Normal Chest Films The thoracic cage remains symmetrical. All the seen bones are nothing remarkable. The soft tissues are completely intact in the root of the neck and thoracic wall. The trachea locates centrally without deviation. The lungs are clear, while the lung markings are natural and regular. Both pulmonary hila show neither enlargement nor decrease. The heart and great vessels appear normal in their position, size and shape. The diaphragm has a smooth surface with sharp costophrenic angles. Description of pulmonary tumors There are two soft tissue masses in the right lung. One locates in the inferior margin of the right upper lobe, and other is in the inferior part of right pulmonary hilum. The margin of the mass in the right upper lung reveals evident spiculation, however, the margin of the right hilar mass is smooth. The densities of the masses are uniform in the right upper lung and the right hilum seperately. Aim and Requirements 1.To make familiar with normal X-ray findings in the heart. 2. To make familiar with X-ray finding in enlargement of the ventricles and atria of the heart. 3.To know well the changes of pulmonary blood volume. Heart A hollow muscular cone-shaped organ, lying between the lungs with pointed end (apex) directed downwards, forwards, and to the left. The heart is about the size of a closed fist. Its wall consists largely of cardiac muscle (myocardium, there are two types of cardic myocytes, autorhythmic and contractile [kəntræktail] ), lined and surrounded by membranes (e