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accap知识要点汇总(下)
20. Business process change
Business processes
The value chain analyses the organisation as a collection of activities, but these activities are also joined
together in processes. “A process is a bounded set of activities that are undertaken, in response to some
event, in order to generate an output” (Harmon) 价值链分析了公司是由一系列活动构成的,而这些活
动也充斥在各个流程中。Harmon 定义:流程是一组能够为客户创造有价值的结果的相互关联的活动。
Organisations may seek to improve their processes in order to:提高流程是为了实现:
reduce costs, particularly during an economic downturn 降低成本,尤其经济衰退时
provide a scaleable platform for expanding production, or entering new markets 建立可拓展的平台,
拓展生产或进入一个新市场
offer better products or services in order to be more competitive 提供更好的产品或服务,提高竞
争力
exploit opportunities offered by technology (e.g. cheaper communication)通过新技术开拓机遇
execute a new strategic direction 实行新战略
Process – strategy matrix
Harmon’s process‐strategy matrix uses two criteria to categorise processes, and the best approach to
improving them:哈默的过程战略矩阵使用了2 个要素来分类流程
Complexity – simple processes are fairly straightforward, with clearly defined rules to follow and
little change over time. Complex processes require high levels of judgement and may change
frequently.复杂性:单一的过程相对简单明了,长期来看变化也少;复杂的过程需要很高的自主
判断,而且会频繁变化。
Strategic importance – how much value does the process add to an organisation’s products and
services. A high strategic importance process is a core competency and a source of competitive
advantage. A low strategic importance process simply needs to be done so that a company can do
something else that adds value.战略重要性:这个过程会给产品和服务增加多少价值?战略重要
性高,意味着关系核心竞争力和竞争优势的资源。对于低战略重要性的过程,公司宁愿做些其
他事来提高价值。
Based on this, processes can be categorised as follows:
a) Low complexity‐low strategic importance processes need to be carried out as effic
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