低维纳米材料的合成及其性质研究-无机化学专业论文.docx

关键词：纳米技术，低维材料，合成，性质 关键词：纳米技术，低维材料，合成，性质 摘 要 本论文着重从制备高质量的低维纳米材料出发，从而研究了几种低维纳米材 料的合成及其相关的性质。基于实验结果，这几种低维纳米材料有望在相关的领 域得到应用。其主要内容如下： 1. 运用简单的物理热蒸发制备了大量的锌纳米线。XRD、SEM、TEM 和 EDX 技 术分别对产物锌纳米线进行了表征和分析。结果表明此法制备的锌纳米线产率 高、尺寸分布均匀和表面含氧量低。纳米线具有蜿蜒曲折的几何形，长达几微 米，直径约 50nm。SAED 和 HRTEM 照片显示了该纳米线的高结晶度和[0001] 生长方向。正是由于锌纳米线的表面含氧量少，我们顺利测得了它的荧光光谱， 发现与块体荧光峰相比，纳米线的发射峰明显存在蓝移。 2. 采用水热法大量合成了 α-FeOOH 纳米棒。产物的 SEM 和 TEM 照片展示了该 法合成的 α-FeOOH 产率高、尺寸分布均匀。纳米棒的长度在 1μm 左右，直径 约 50nm。用震动样品磁强计测得了 α-FeOOH 纳米棒的磁滞回线。与天然块体 相比，它的矩形度明显减小。根据硬磁和软磁矫顽力大小的划分范围，此法合 成的 α-FeOOH 纳米棒属于典型的半硬磁材料。 3. 利用前驱体热分解法，再通过优化实验条件，在 200oC 下成功制备了 LiMn2O4 纳米晶。所制样品的结构和形貌用 XRD、SAED、SEM 和 TEM 进行了表征。 结果表明，所获的超细粉末为具有尖晶石结构的 LiMn2O4 ，其粒径范围在 80-120nm 之间。通过对凝胶前驱体在不同煅烧时间下所得产物的 XRD 图谱分 析，讨论了其可能的生长机理，从而得出了 LiMn2O4 纳米晶的形成过程为反应 控制过程。 Ke Keywords: Nanotechnology, Low dimensional materials, Synthesis, Properties Abstract The intention of this dissertation is to prepare low dimensional nanomaterials with high quality. Accordingly, our efforts were focused on synthesizing low dimensional nanomaterials and studying their concerned properties. The results show that the as-prepared materials have promising applications in relevant fields. The main results are summarized as follows: Zn nanowires were obtained via thermal evaporation. The resulting Zn nanowires were characterized and confirmed by means of X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Above analysis of characterization indicates that the uniform zinc nanowires with high yield usually have serpentine geometries, with lengths up to several micrometers and diameters about 50nm. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image demonstrate perfect crystallinity with the growth direction of [0001]. Owing to low content of oxygen in the as-prepared products, their photoluminescence spectrum was observed, which exhibits a si