供应链管理环境下库存与运输联合优化问题研究-管理科学与工程专业论文.docx

上海交通大学硕士学位论文 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 I I 供应链管理环境下库存与运输联合优化问题研究 摘 要 库存与运输，是供应链中的两个重要环节。传统的研究往往将两 者分开单独研究库存问题或运输问题。然而，库存与运输之间存在着 非常紧密的关系，将两者整合在一起对供应链进行优化研究，对于提 高供应链效率，降低供应链成本有着非常重要的意义。 本文首先以一个供应商与一个零售商组成的供应链为研究对象， 并假设零售商在供应链中占主导地位，分别建立了分散决策模式与联 合优化模式下的库存与运输问题模型，并对两种模型的最优策略与绩 效进行了比较分析。研究的结果表明，在零售商主导的供应链中，采 取分散决策模式较采取联合优化模式产生的包含库存成本与运输成本 的供应链总成本要高。因此建议供应商对零售商进行一定的激励使得 零售商接受对库存与运输进行联合优化的决策。 在此基础上，本文对多个供应商与一个零售商组成的供应链进行 了研究，在考虑随机需求的情况下，研究了多种物品的库存与运输的 联合优化问题。分析了一种多种物品的周期补货库存策略，并在该库 存补货策略的基础上建立了以长期物流成本最低为目标的库存运输联 合优化模型。基于遗传算法，设计了一种启发式算法用来求解这个 NP II II 难问题。该算法将原模型拆分成多个库存优化问题与车辆路径子模型， 原问题将通过对每个子模型的求解而得出最优解。提出并证明了该问 题存在的一个成本下界用来对算法进行评价。通过对算例的求解，验 证了该模型的合理性以及所设计算法的可行性与有效性。 关键词：供应链、库存、车辆路径、联合优化、启发式算法 PAGE PAGE VI A RESEARCH OF INTEGRATED INVENTORY AND TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT Inventory and transportation are two important aspects in supply chain management. Traditional studies always separate them to research. However, there is a very close relationship between inventory and transportation. Thus, it is very important to combine the two problems and make integrated research to improve the efficiency of the supply chain and reduce the cost. In this paper, a supply chain composed with one supplier and one retailer which has the dominated position in the supply chain has been studied first. Two models of Inventory and transportation problem of decentralized decision policy and combined decision policy are raised accordingly. The optimal strategy and the performance of each model are then been compared and discussed. Results of this study shows that in a supply chain in which the retailer has a dominated position, Using combined decision policy can reduce the total supply chain cost which include the inventory and transportation cost the using the decentralized decision policy. Therefore, supplier can provide some incentive to retailer to make them tend to choose the combined decision making policy. A supply chain composed with several suppliers and one de