沸石离子交换法海水提取氯化钾研究-应用化学专业论文.docx

万方数据 万方数据 摘要 摘 要 本论文是以利用改性后的沸石为离子交换剂，采用离子交换法来提取模拟海 水中的氯化钾为主要的研究内容。探寻改性沸石的最佳方案，提高提取氯化钾的 效率。 论文首先采用水热煮沸法和微波技术对斜发沸石改性做了较系统的研究，利 用偏铝酸钠和氯化钠为改性剂，采用正交法得出沸石改性的最佳成分比和最佳时 间，使得在模拟海水中改性斜发沸石的吸附量有了较大的提高。X 衍射的分析结 果表明，斜发沸石经过脱硅补铝的改性后，依旧保留了沸石的晶格构造。对改性 后的沸石进行了 XRD、BET、FT-IR、EDX 性能测试。 其次，对于改性后沸石的提取氯化钾的过程，分为吸附、去离子水冲洗、洗 脱、再生四个过程。对于改性沸石交换柱吸附过程，即钠型斜发沸石的 Na+—K+ 离子交换过程，离子交换过程为放热反应，得出较低温度有利于 K+的吸附过程， 即常温度为 20℃，吸附下来过程较佳并且节约能量。用去离子冲洗，是为了冲 洗残留在沸石中的 NaCl。沸石洗脱过程，采用分步收集法，得出洗脱最佳体积。 该过程为吸热过程，从而得出温度更高有助于洗脱过程的进行，故洗脱温度 为 50℃较佳，用 50℃的饱和氯化铵溶液洗脱。沸石的再生过程，同样为吸热反应， 高温有助于再生过程的进行。 最后，论文采取了萃取结晶法，以甲醇溶液为萃取剂，将 KCl 有效的从富 钾液中有效的分离出来。 关键词：改性斜发沸石，离子交换，洗脱，氯化钾，萃取结晶 III 汕头大学硕士学位论文 IV Abstract Abstract This main research content of this thesis is based on the modified clinoptilolite (CLN) as the ion exchanger and taken use of the ion exchange method to extract potassium chloride from simulated seawater seawater .Exploring the best method to modify the CLN so that can improve the efficiency of extracting potassium chloride. Firstly,systematic research about modifying CLN by hot-water and microwave technology was made.By using partial sodium aluminate and sodium chloride as the modification agent and using orthogonal method make sure the optimum chemical composition of modification agent and the modification time so that can makes the adsorption capacity of modification CLN greatly improved. The XRD results showed that modified CLN through desilication and filling aluminium, still keep the essential framework e of the CLN.The modified CLN were cahracterized by XRD, BET ,FT - IR and EDX testing. Secondly, the process of extracting potassium chloride by modified CLN is divided into adsorption,flushing with deionized water,elution and regeneration.For the adsorption process of modified CLN,which is the exchange process between the Na+ and the K+ ,this ion exchange process is the exothermic reaction.It is concluded that low temperature is good for the K+ adsorption process, namely constant temperature 20℃, this condition of