电动汽车地板新结构设计-车辆工程专业论文.docxVIP

电动汽车地板新结构设计 电动汽车地板新结构设计 工程硕士学位论文 工程硕士学位论文 PAGE PAGE VI III III 摘 要 电动汽车在结构要求、车身布置等方面有别于传统汽车，传统结构并不适于 电动汽车，直接使用传统汽车的车身结构，在一定范围内能满足使用要求，但结 构上已非电动汽车车身结构的最优形式，需设计新结构。在 A0 级别内燃机汽车 改装为电动汽车过程中，为得到最优结构需要重新设计结构主要集中在地板区域， 因此针对性的进行电动汽车地板结构设计具有现实工程意义。 先采用弹簧串并联模型分析了布置在地板的电池包结构对汽车结构影响，分 析了直接替换动力系统改装为电动汽车存在的结构问题；再通过 CAE 分析了白车 身刚度和强度，发现其扭转刚度和弯曲刚度较低，地板结构中结合部位的弯曲刚 度和扭转刚度过渡不均匀，分析整车侧面碰撞性能，发现其整车重心在侧面碰撞 过程中 Z 向加速度波动较大；然后结合企业设计需求和欧盟 ELVA 项目研究成果 设计地板结构耐撞性拓扑优化空间，基于 LS-DYNA 求解器进行耐撞性拓扑优化， 得到地板结构的拓扑结构；最后基于拓扑结构进行高强钢、铝合金和碳纤维地板 结构的选材设计，并比较三种材料结构的工艺性能实现、成本高低、绿色回收性 能。 本论文设计的地板结构是电动汽车新结构的一部分。基于耐撞性拓扑优化方 法，得到地板结构的零件材料分布形式，设计出电动汽车地板新结构。这种方法 可以缩短设计周期，提高侧面碰撞的安全性能，对电动汽车新结构的设计具有指 导作用。 关键词：电动汽车；地板结构；耐撞性拓扑优化；新结构 Abstract The layout and other aspects of electric vehicles is different from the traditional one, the traditional structures are no longer suitable for electric vehicles . The structure of framework in traditional vehicles can meet the requirements for electric vehicles within a certain degree, however it is not optimal ,a new form of structure design is required. In the process a A0 class fuel vehicle is converted into electric vehicle, in order to optimize the construction in which the floor structure is generally redesigned. It has a practical significance for the floor structure of the remolded electric vehicle. Firstly, a spring series-parallel model is used to analyze the replacement of power system in traditional combustion engine with battery package placed in the floor for the electric vehicles. Secondly, it is found that the torsion and bend stiffness are low through CAE analysis of BIW, it is also found that the calculated value of the load transfer path height is inconsistent with the vehicle center of gravity height through CAE analysis of side impact. The vertical acceleration of gravity in side impact analysis has shown a large amplitude of oscillation. Then the design requirements and the EU ELVA project research results are combined to determine the crashworthiness topology optim