公民网络监督的法律规制-宪法学与行政法学专业论文.docx

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 公民网络监督是广大公众借助网络这一传播媒体获取信息、发表言论、表达意见，对公共 权力的行使者以及对权力行使过程和结果进行监督检查的行为，本质上是人民监督的一种具体 形式，是信息时代人民监督的新体现，具有广泛性、自主性、真实充分性和及时互动性。作为 公民监督方式的一种，对扩大公民的政治参与，强化监督手段，制约国家权力、防止权力腐败 以及维护公民权益，或促进社会和谐具有非常重要的现实意义。 公民网络监督已经取得一定的积极成果，平等公开的监督环境正在逐渐形成，并由此开辟 了电子民主的新渠道，在民主生活中显示出巨大的影响力。然而公民网络监督也同时存在诸多 问题，如公民网络监督权利缺乏应有的保护，权利行使形式化，增加司法活动的复杂性，而且 容易形成网络暴力，意见具有片面性。究其原因，这是由于我国关于公民网络监督的理论研究 滞后，相关法律法规以及制度保障不完善，缺乏有效的救济途径。 加强网络监督的法律规制，应当在理论建设的基础上确立基本原则，处理好与名誉权、隐 私权、国家秘密和司法独立等之间的关系，完善信息公开、反馈、监督奖励制度以及责任追究 制，推动公民监督意识的培养，促进宪法诉讼化。通过这些方式，实现对网络监督的有效保障 和规范。 关键词: 网络监督 规范 保障 法律 制度 I 公民网络监督的法律规制 Abstract The network supervision of citizens is a kind of behavior that people gain information, give speeches, declare himself and supervise the exercise and result of public power by network. Essentially, it is a specific form of people’s supervision in the information times. It has the characters of extensiveness, independence, reality, sufficiency, punctuality and interactivity. As a kind of people’s supervision, it is of great practical significance to expand citizens’ political participation, to strengthen the supervisory means, to restrict the power of the state avoiding administrative corruption, and to promote social harmony. The network supervision of citizens already has acquired some achievements. A equal and open environment of supervision is gradually developing. Electronic democracy is also taking form. It shows great influence in the democracy. However, there still have many problems in it. Such as the lack of protection, too mannered, sometimes one-sided and may leads to a “network of violence”. This is because the theory research is still undeveloped, the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, and short of legal remedy. So, to make network supervision of citizens orderly, we should strengthen the construction of law. Firstly, establish basic principles and coordinate it with reputation, privacy, state secrets and judicial independence. Secondly, improve the information op