分布式并行路由器负载均衡与容错技术的研究与实现-计算机系统结构专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 随着 Internet 流量的剧增，路由器成为了网络速度的瓶颈，提高其处理速度 成为了路由器的研究重点之一。同时路由器作为互联网的核心设备，其可靠性同 样是一个不容忽视的问题。根据上述两点需求，我们开发出了基于 Linux 平台， 由多台普通 PC 构成的分布式并行路由器系统 DPRS(Distribute Parallel Router System)。它采用分布式的体系结构，有效地提高了系统的并行处理能力并解除 了单点故障，因此具有高性能，高可靠性，低成本和可扩展的特点。 本文首先描述了分布式并行路由器的逻辑结构，然后深入剖析了现阶段负载 均衡技术，并以此为基础阐述了 DPRS 中负载均衡的实现；接着对分布式系统的 容错技术进行了详细讨论，包括下面主要内容：故障检测技术、断点的设置以及 两种故障恢复模型，并描述了 DPRS 中容错技术的实现。 分布式并行路由器采用基于 IP 的任务分配粒度，通过源地址散列调度的负 载均衡算法，实现了节点间流量的均衡分配。以基于检查点的心跳检测技术作为 故障检测的手段，及时准确地发现系统中的故障节点，并通知负载均衡算法进行 任务在节点间的重新分配。 关 键 词：路由器，分布式并行，负载均衡，容错 Abstract Abstract II II With Internet flow growing , the router becomes the blockneck of networks .As the result , improving the router’s speed has been one of the emphases on the research. In addition, as the core equipment of Internet , the router’s reliability should not been neglected. Based on the above , we designed and implemented the Distributed Parallel Router System(DPRS) ,which is running on Linux and composed of several common personal computers.With the help of distributed architecture , the parallel processing ability of the router is greatly improved and the single Point of failure is resolved. These help the DPRS have high performance ,high reliability, high scalability and low price. In this thesis , we firstly describe the logical structure of DPRS , and then analyze the present load balance technology , what’s more ,based on the analysis we introduce the implementation of DPRS ;Secondly , we analyze the fault tolerance technology for distributed system ,including the fault detection technology 、 breakpoint setting and two mechanisms about fault restoration , and then we describe the implementation of the special fault tolerance in DPRS. DPRS uses IP as the task assignment granutarlty and the soure IP adrress hashing algorithm to implement the load balance. The fault detection makes use of the heartbeat machnism with checkpoint to detect faults in time ,so the load balance algorithm can reassign tasks in the available