论清代存留养亲制度法学学士.docVIP

Abstract “Support Lineal Elders” system, it is called “Support” for short, it means that no one could take care of the offenders’ parents or grandparents except the perpetrators themselves, who are given death penalty、banishment or imprisonment, they would not be execute previously punishment for the moment conditionally. Therefore, if it is not a capital crime which should be avoidable can not be pardoned. If the offenders are sentenced by banishment, they could free form the punishment. It could execute suspended sentence before set term of imprisonment, and restart the implementation of punishment after their parents or grandparents die. The origin of “Support Lineal Elders” system is from Taihe year twelve Northern Wei Emperor Xiao wen, and revoke in late Qing dynasty, it lasted for 1400 years, which is a forward of Confucian legalization. This text is begin with history of the system, base on the dynasty’ s description which before Qing to comprehend the system. Focus on the origin and development of “Support Lineal Elders” system in Qing dynasty. Through explore the statutes and regulations, embodied the ancient Confucianism. Go deep into discussing the system that how to apply to and the historical Status of ancient law. While comparing and analyzing the system in various dynasties，to sum up that the prominent changes in Qing dynasty and the reference for the modern legal system. Key words: Qing dynasty; Retained to support the elders; Statutes and Regulations 论清代“存留养亲”制度 “存留养亲”制度是我W古代法律体系中重要的法律制度。“存留养亲”制度是指 古代犯徒、流、死刑的人家中有直系亲属，如（外）祖父母、父母需要照顾并且除了犯 罪人以外没有成年子孙，可以上请皇帝，若犯的死罪不是十恶的重罪，则可以从宽处理， 免于死刑。若犯的是徒刑，则可以暂不收监。若犯的是流刑，则可以免于发遗。在罪犯 对其尊长养老送终后再按规定进行处罝。 “存留养亲”制度是封建王朝为巩固其统治地位而设立的，是中W古代重要且特 别的刑法制度。在封建统治者建立以儒家思想为统治理念的同时，“孝”治天下也成为 统治者当然的途径之一。而“存留养亲”制度正是孝道的重要体现。正如儒家所说的那 样，孝道与封建统治是可以并存而且互和协调的。因此，统治者在不损害自身的统治地 位前提下，有条件地释放一些罪犯来表现其仁义统治。“存留养亲”制度的法律儒家化 即突出体现在“以礼率法”和“纳礼入律”上，儒家的学说纷纷以法律形式被固定下来， 直接规范老百姓，许多宗法伦理道德直接提升为法律规范。孝文帝汉化改革中的法制建 设正是继承了这一传统，在此基础上有着新的发展。留养制度在北魏时入律，为后世所 沿袭。它强调维护家庭关系