港口水域石油污染生物降解及生物修复技术的基础研究-环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 本研究主要是针对我国港口水域的石油污染，研究提出去除石油类污染 物质的经济可靠的生物修复技术，并进一步探讨其理论基础和技术方法。 本研究通过几种处理方法的对比，认为生物修复技术是治理港口水域石 油污染的一项首选的清洁环保技术。提出石油污染生物修复技术研究的重点 是好氧的原位生物修复技术。接种微生物、添加电子受体、营养盐和共代谢 基质是生物修复的主要技术手段。阐述了化学分散剂和生物表面活性剂在生 物修复中的作用。 研究结果表明可以驯化培养出耐盐的活性污泥微生物作为港口石油污 染生物修复的接种物。呼吸试验表明好氧条件下石油中主要污染物的可生化 降解性能差异很大。实验条件下生化降解难易顺序是：甲苯间二甲苯苯 对二甲苯乙基苯邻二甲苯。摇床试验说明驯化活性污泥在油浓度 5—15meJL范围内，均可以在较短的时间内降解。驯化污泥对石油的降解规 律遵循一级反应动力学方程。驯化污泥对石油降解的最佳pH为6．5、最佳温 度35Y2、最佳振荡速率120 r·rain～、最佳接种量30％。在一定范围内，添 加易降解的酵母膏可以促进石油的生物降解。生物降解率的增加值与投加的 易降解物的浓度具有类似米．门公式的形式。 关键词：港1：2；石油污染；生物修复；接种活性污泥；耐盐茵  A fundamental study on biodegradation and bioremediation of the oil—contaminated area of harbor Abstract This paper studied on bioremediation of the oil-contaminated area of harbor and analyzed the basic principle ofthe technology ofbioremediation． The technology of bioremediation is considered to be a preferred bacterial treatment with the oil．contaminated area of harbor in contrast with other treatments．It is necessary to study aerobic treatment witll in·situ bioremediation by means of inoculated microorganism and added nutrition and Co—membolism substrate．This paper also discussed the application of oil dispersant agent and bin·-surfactant agent in oil·-contaminated bioremediation．The result of test shows that it is feasible to cultivate salt—resistant activated—sludge microorganism as the inoculation of bioremediation．The experiment of respiration reveals the great differences in the biochemical property of some dominant pollutant of oil．The order of biochemical property is toluene better than m-xylene，m-xylene better than benzene，benzene better than p-xylene，p-xylene better than ethylbenzene and ethylbenzene better than O-xylene．The result of shaking culture test indicated that the oil Call be degraded by the activated sludge culture in short time between 5 and 15 mg／L．The rule of degradation follows the first-order kinetic reaction equation．On the basis of the test，suitable operating conditions are reeommended as follows，pH=6．5，T