高大空间火灾烟气竖向传播与火灾探测系统设计研究-安全技术及工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 本文针对高大空间建筑早期火灾建立了点源轴对称烟气羽流积分模型，采用 自相似假设及卷吸假设分别求出在均匀环境下及热分层环境下烟气羽流在竖直 轴向上的发展规律关系，得出热分层环境下烟气羽流中性浮力点及最大上升高度 公式，并与前人所得经验公式及本文中等尺度空间及全尺寸大空间小功率烟气羽 流实验结果进行对比验证，在此基础上结合高大空间建筑结构特点进行了早期火 灾探测系统的实现设计。 研究结果表明，均匀环境中烟气羽流速度、密度差在轴线上呈负指数趋势变 化，且密度差较烟度速度在竖直方向下降趋势快：均匀环境下烟气羽流边界与竖 直轴线有一固定15‘扩展角； 热分层环境中早期火灾烟气不能顺利上升而有可能在终止在某～商度，通过 对线性热分层环境火灾烟气羽流积分控制方程组无量纲化并进行差分求解，求解 结果表明热分层环境强化加速了烟气速度、浓度在竖直轴线上的递减趋势规律， 同时得到热分层环境下烟气羽流的中性浮力点与羽流最高点高度与热分层强度、 点火源功率、大空间尺度等相关关系式： 通过与前人经验结论及及本文实验结果对比表明，均匀环境下烟气羽流速 度、浓度参量在竖直轴线上发展趋势关系与已有经验规律关系一致，热分层环境 下烟气羽流中性浮力点位置及最大上升高度分式常数与前人相似材料实验经验 公式常数非常相近，充分表明积分模型及假设的正确性： 通过结合高大空间建筑结构特点及早期火灾烟气羽流上升规律进行分析，表 明高大空间早期火灾探测系统设计时应以类似吸气式火灾探测器为主进行主动 探测，采用气烟、气、图像等复合火灾探测技术及相关人工神经网络等智能算法 以提高高大空间建筑火灾探测的灵敏度与可靠度，以便及时、准确地发现早期火 灾，实现高大空间火灾综合防治。 关键词：高大空间，早期火灾，烟气羽流，热分层环境，探测系统设计 AbstractAimed Abstract Aimed at early fire detection of the high large space buildings，the integral model of the axisymmetric fire smoke plume was established and solved by adopting the self-similar and enlrainment assumptions．The di虢rent development laws in the vertical axial direction of the smoke plumes in the homogeneous and thermally stratified environments as well as the neu臼al buoyant point position and the maximum plume height in the thermally stratified environment were obtained through the solution of the integral model谢m di恐rent imtial conditions and were verified in comparisons with the previous werk and the experimental werk in this work．On the basis ofthe characteristics ofthe early fire smoke plume flow and the high large space building structure，the early fire detection system was designed and discussed． The results show that in the homogeneous environment。the velocity and concentration of the smoke plume decreases along the vertical axis with negative exponents，while the plume concentration falls at a bigger trend．Additionally a fixed l 5 degree angle between the plume berderline and the vertical axis was discovered； In the linearly thermally stratified enviroument the fire smoke plume may terminate at