城市如何增强竞争力.ppt

* WDR category (Maricela and Somik) Improve public services (education, health, public safety, etc.) Reduce red tape: simplify business regulation, so that it’s easy for firms to open business, close business, hire people, acquire land, and pay taxes, etc. Improve infrastructure (transport, tele-communications, energy, water sanitation) But how to promote innovation and synergies among local firms?One effective way that’s widely recognized and utilized in Brazil and in many other countries, is the Cluster approach (APL) Arranjos Produtivos Locais. Local productive arrangements. * * * * * * * * * Understand the market and trend, establish a unique and credible vision for the value position of the city: what’s the unique competitive advantage that it wants to establish? Talk to the LOCAL private sectors in a structured way: more important than lots of planning, diagnostics Focus on PPP to supplement the roles of private sector: facilitate collaboration, focusing on creating synergies Action-oriented: avoid over-analysis, focus on quick wins and low-hanging fruits Evite excesso de interven??es governamentais: waste of resource and undermining competitiveness: aiming at market failure and externality 城市如何增强竞争力? What Can Cities Do to Promote Competitiveness? 张明 Zhang Ming 首席城市经济师 Lead Urban Economist 拉丁美洲和加勒比海区 Latin America and Caribbean Region 世界银行 World Bank 基于巴西城市竞争力研究 Results from the Study on City Competitiveness and Growth in Brazil Competition: More Global and Intensive竞争: 更全球化也更激烈 1.46 billion increase in global workforce 全球劳动力增14.6亿 lower transport cost : saving = 12% of value of shipped goods 交通成本下降达货物价值的12% FDI growth = 2 × trade growth = 2 × income growth FDI 增速 = 2 x 贸易增速 = 2 x 收入增速 Vertical disintegration: firm outsourcing ?global value chain 垂直分工：企业外包?全球产业链 Diminution of manufacturing, and shift in its composition　制造业重要性相对降低，且其内涵变化 Non-tradeable ? Tradeable 　　非交易型　? 交易型 What Determines City Competitiveness?什么因素决定城市竞争力？ COMPETIT