普通语言学第二章.pptxVIP

Chapter 2 The Sounds of Language ;2.2 Phonetics ;Three branches of phonetics ;2.2.1 Articulators and their functions;Speech organs or articulators: three important areas 发音器官：三个重要区域;The diagram of speech organs;Orthographic representation of speech sounds语音的正字法表征 ;2.2.2 Voiced and voiceless sounds;Voiced;Can you tell the differences between the words below?;2.2.3 Nasal and oral sounds;Classification of English speech sounds 英语语音的分类;Classification of consonants 辅音的分类;The manner of articulation发音方式;The place of articulation发音部位;The place of articulation;The description of English consonants;Classification of vowels元音分类 ;Monophthongs or pure/single vowels单元音;According to the openness of the mouth 根据嘴的张合度;The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned:下面这个图表运用两个标准总结了我们对元音的划分 ;According to the shape of the lips orthe degree of lip rounding 根据嘴唇形状;According to the length of the vowels根据音的长度 ;Exercises: underline the words that begin with a sound as required.;Underline the words that end with a sound as required:;Underline the words that contain the sound as required:;Phonology音位学;Phonetics phonology音位学和语音学;2.3.1 Phone, phoneme, allophone 音素、音位和音位变体;Phone 音素;Phoneme音位;Allophone 音位变体;2.3.2 Minimal Pairs and Sets;1. Phonemic contrast 音位对立;2. Complementary distribution互补分布;3. Minimal pair 最小独立体;4. Minimal set最小独立体集;2.3.3 Free variation 自由变异;2.3.4 Distinctive features 区别特征;2.3.5 Syllables and consonant clusters; Syllable Structure;Open syllable vs close syllable;The basic structure of syllable;CONSONANT CLUSTERS 辅音音丛;2.3.6 Suprasegmental features超音段特征;2.3.6.1 Stress 重音;Word stress;Word stress;Word stress;Sentence stress; Tone 音调;Intonation 语调;Grammatical functions of intonations;Grammatical functions of intonations;Grammatical functions of intonations;Grammatical functions of intonations;Some rules of phonology 一些音位学的规则;Sequential rules 序列规则;Sequential rules;Assimilation rule 同化规则;Assimilation