广药选修药物流行病学第不5章-实验流行病学.pptVIP

学习目的 实验流行病学的定义 实验流行病学的特点 实验流行病学的分类 实验流行病学的设计 实验流行病学的强势与弱势 1747年 苏格兰医师James Lind首次对比研究了用桔子、柠檬及其他干预治疗坏血病的疗效 1816年 法国Hamilton医师首次报道了爱丁堡的一项大型对照实验，评价放血疗法的效果，这是迄今为止有关采用交替法产生对照的最早记载之一。 ‘It had been so arranged, that this number was admitted, alternately, in such a manner that each of us had one third of the whole. The sick were indiscriminately received, and were attended as nearly as possible with the same care and accommodated with the same comforts. One third of the whole were soldiers of the 61st Regiment, the remainder of my own (the 42nd) Regiment. Neither Mr And