分子生物学2chapter21.pptxVIP

Features of Model Systems;E.coli,T4---ideal system for tackling fundamental aspects of the nature of the gene and information transfer Yeast-premier system for elucidating fundamental aspects of the eukaryotic cell ,powerful mating system for genetic analysis Nematode,fruit fly—well developed genetic system Mouse-best model sytem for gaining insights into human biology and human disease ;Features of bacteria;Bacteria Exchange DNA by: ; Bacteria: center for biochemical study of DNA replication, information transfer, gene regulation;Model 3: BAKER’S YEAST Saccharomyces cerevisiae;Features of S. cerevisiae;The Existence of Haploid and Diploid Cells Facilitate Genetic Analysis of S. cerevisiae;S. Cerevisiae exist in three forms: two haploid cell types: a, α One diploid cell: a /α product of mating.;Application in the Lab;Generating Precise Mutations in Yeast Is Easy;Gene inactivation by homologus recombination;Figure 21-11 Recombinational transformation in yeast;The use of a yeast deletion cassette（缺失盒两端连上新基因DNA片段作为末端）;S. Cerevisiae Has a Small, Well-Characterized Genome;;Categories of gene in the yeast genome;;Genetic footprinting of yeast chromosome V ;;Genetic footprinting of yeast chromosome V ; 酵母双杂交系统检测蛋白质相互作用; ;S. Cerevisiae Cells Change Shape as They Grow;Start replicating its genome; Contribution to our understanding : eukaryotic transcription gene regulation, DNA replication, recombination, translation and spilicing;Model 4 : THE NEMATODE WORM, Caenorhabditis elegans 多细胞生物;Caenorhabditis elegans;Sexual reproduction so that genetic stocks could be constructed A small number of transparent cells so that development could be followed directly ;over 300 : morphological and behavioral mutants over 100 : complementation groups mapping to 6 linkage groups 30 years lat