秋外语学院国红际结算学.ppt

国际结算中的票据Negotiable instruments(票据） 票据概述  Negotiable instruments(票据） Definition of negotiable instruments(定义）（p30) a negotiable instrument is a written document that contains an unconditional promise by the drawer to pay the payee or an unconditional order by the drawer to the drawee to pay the payee a fixed amount of money at a definite time. Negotiable instrument laws票据法(P.33) Conditions for being a holder in due course（成为正当持票人的条件）（p36): → to be a holder （持票人）(payee、endorsee、bearer) → to take the instrument for value （付对价） → without notice that it had been previously dishonored , if such was the case（对退票事实不知情）. → without notice of any defect in the title of the transferor（对前手权利缺陷不知情） → to get the instrument in good faith（善意） → to get the instrument before its maturity（未到期） → the instrument is complete and regular on its face（完整规范）. (requisite in form/要式性, without inquiry into causes/无因性) ◆ A bill of exchange must include the following contents: － the term “bill of exchange” expressed in the language in drawing up the instrument － An unconditional order to pay a determinate sum of money － The name of the person to whom or to whose order payment is to be made － A statement of the date and of the place where the bill is issued － The maturity date of the bill － The place of payment is to be made － Signature of drawer (Geneva Convention on the Unification of the Law Relating to Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes in 1930) 在国际贸易中使用的信用证则都是由银行开立的，是指开证银行应申请人的要求并按其指示，向第三者开具的载有一定金额，在一定期限内凭符合规定的单据付款的书面保证文件。 通常，出口商在觉得出口风险较大时，会要求进口商向银行申请开立信用证，由银行做出书面付款承诺，只要出口商能满足有关条件，做出付款承诺的银行就会付款，从而降低了出口商的收款风险。 〈跟单信用证统一惯例〉(国际商会第500号出版物)第2条对信用证作了以下定义： “就本惯例条文而言，跟单信用证和备用信用证，不论其如何命名或描述，意指一项约定，根据此约定，一家银行(开证行)按其客户(申请人)的要求和指示，或为其自身行事，在与信用证条款相符的条件下，凭规定的单据：1、向第三者(受益人)或其指定人付款,或承兑并制服受益人出具的汇票；或2、授权另一银行进行该项付款，或承兑并支付该汇票;或3、授权另一银行议付。” 按上述定义，信用证 也可以不经客户申请， 有开证银行根据自身 业务需要，自行向受 益人开立。这是银行 自己为了向他人融资 或购买物