英语语法--非限定动词.ppt

非谓语动词; 非谓语动词也叫非限定性动词，即它的形式不受主语人称和数的限制，不能作谓语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。;动词不定式;2、作宾语;5. 作状语。 不定式作状语可以表示目的,结果,原因等.如 目的: He come to see. He went to the supermarket to buy a pen. 结果: She woke up to find herself in bed. He returned home to find his wife had died 原因: I’m glad to meet you. She seems surprised to meet me. ;有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, call, enable, get, have, invite, let, make, order, notice, teach, tell 等后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。;有些动词如consider, prove, think, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟 “宾语 + to be”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：;动词不定式复合结构的用法;3、作表语; 当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语之后。;注意事项：;2）不定式作定语，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用主动语态。; ;2) but,except(除…之外)后接不定式时，如果它们前面有谓语动词do,便可省略to .反之则不能省略.如 He has no alternative but to go to see him. Last night I did nothing but watch TV. There is nothing he could do but play all day long。;3)在make（使）, let（让）, have（使，叫）等使役动词后； 在see（看）, watch （观看）, look at（看）, observe（观察，看见）, perceive（看见）, feel（感觉）, hear（听）, listen to（听...）, notice（发现，注意）等表示感官的动词等后面省去动词不定式符号“to”。但如果句子变成被动时,则不能省.如: I make him teach me English. He is made to teach me English ;4) Would rather 宁愿 would sooner Would you please 请您 had better 最好 Rather than 而不是 had rather 宁愿 can not but 不得不 can’t help but 不得不 may as well 不妨,最好 等习惯用法中,省略to 如 I would rather stay at home. Would you please close the window? Mary could not but/ couldn’t help but lie to her parents.;5) 由并列连词and，but, than, or 连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。　　I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.　　She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.　　注：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省略to.To try and fail is better than not to try at all.?　　尝试而失败也比不尝试好。He hasn′t decided whether to quit or to stay. 　　　他还没有决定是去还是留。To be or not to be, that is a question. 　　　是生存还是死亡，这是一个问题。;;;1）一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其之后  发生。 ;3） 完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词 表示的动作之前发生 ;1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as wel