浅埋坚硬覆岩下开采地表塌陷机理研究.PDF

浅埋坚硬覆岩下开采地表塌陷机理研究.PDF

浅埋坚硬覆岩下开采地表塌陷机理研究

 第32卷第10期 煤  炭  学  报 Vol.32 No.10   2007年 10月 JOURNALOFCHINACOALSOCIETY Oct.  2007    文章编号:0253-9993(2007)10-1051-06 浅埋坚硬覆岩下开采地表塌陷机理研究 1 1 2 王金安 ,赵志宏 ,侯志鹰 (1北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院,北京 100083;2中国矿业大学 (北京)资源与安全工程学院,北京 100083) 摘 要:对浅埋坚硬覆岩下开采地表塌陷机理进行了数值模拟.结果表明,采场上方存在高应力 束组成的 “复合应力拱”,“外应力拱”承担覆岩及地表土的自重并将其传递至采场两侧实体煤 内,“内应力拱”主要承担悬空顶板的重量并传递至煤柱.“复合应力拱”形态随时间推移而不 断演化,“内应力拱”不断合并抬升直至与 “外应力拱”重合,最终拱肩处岩体受拉压复合应力 作用而首先开裂,从而破坏了 “复合应力拱”成拱机制而导致采场上方覆岩断裂、地表塌陷. 关键词:浅埋坚硬覆岩;地表塌陷;复合应力拱 中图分类号:TD325   文献标识码:A Studyonthecatastrophiccollapseofsurfacelandinducedbymining underashallowandhardstrata 1 1 2 WANGJinan,ZHAOZhihong,HOUZhiying (1SchoolofCivilandEnvironmentEngineering,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,Beijing 100083,China;2SchoolofResourcesand SafetyEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China) Abstract:Studiedthecatastrophiccollapseofsurfacelandinducedbyminingunderashallowandhardstrataby numericalsimulation.Resultsshowthat,thereisacomplexstressarchcomposedbyhighstressbinds,wherean externalstressarchbearsweightofstrataandoverburdenandtransmitthestressintothevirgincoalseaminthe vicinityofworkingface,whileaninnerstressarchbearsweightofroofandtransmitthestressontocoalpillars.The shapeofcomplexstressarchvarieswiththetime,andtheinnerstressarchesmergerandcombinewiththeexternal stressarch,thentherockmassofstressspandrelstandsinastressstateoftensionandcompressionandtherupture occursfirst,resultinginlossofcomplexstressarchand,subsequently,thestrataandsurfacelandcollapseinavi olentlyway. Keywords:shallowdepthhardoverlyingstrata;surfacelandcollapse;complexstressarch   近年来,随着大量的煤炭资源从地下采出,地下开采所引起的地表沉陷及其环境灾害问题日益突

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