基于GIS的流域分布式水文模型构建方法研究-空间信息科学与技术专业论文.docxVIP

Abstract Water resources have a very important significance for sustainable development of human society; it encourages the growing depth study of water resources and water cycle problems. Along with the changes of global environment and the impact of human activities, hydrological processes are becoming more complex. Traditional lumped hydrological models are now faced with many new challenges. Combined with Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and computer science, distributed hydrological Model consider the spatial heterogeneity of concerned catchments and becomes a powerful means of hydrological model. These models are becoming more popular and necessary for hydrological researches, at the same time, it also promote the wider use of GIS technology. In this dissertation, the theories and techniques of distributed hydrological modeling are systemically discussed, especially the usage of spatial information technologies. After summarizing and analyzing hydrological models at home and abroad, this paper researches the application method of constructing distributed hydrological model. The design route is that first use the given Digital Elevation Model(DEM) to get the digital stream network, and to take appropriate means of discrete the valley into small units; second, get some representative model parameters, and use GIS to manage the parameters, then establish the hydrology spatial information grid which is based on sub-basin; third use traditional lumped hydrological model on each small unit for runoff simulation, the flow data of each unit will be transferred to the entire valley export through the digital stream network; finally, use the visual function of GIS to display and analyze the results. In this research, a special hydrological GIS has been designed, it breaks away from ArcGIS, and has a higher operating efficiency. This distributed hydrological modeling system could realize: extract digital networks based on DEM; transform modeling data to par