英国历史简介.pptVIP

The Norman conquest of England is perhaps the best-known event in English history. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established. 诺曼征服或许是英国历史上最著名的事件，至此，英格兰的封建制度被完全建立起来 English---language of the common people French---language of the aristocracy Medieval England 1. the Crusades十字军东征 a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns, waged by much of Roman Catholic Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire to restore Christian control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem) , were fought over a period of nearly 200 years, between 1095 and 1291. Other campaigns in Spain and Eastern Europe continued into the 15th century. King Richard Lion-Heart Robin Hood King John the Magna Carta—Great Charter大宪章 1215 the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. In 1282, Wales prince Llywelyn was killed during Edward I of Englands invasion of Wales Prince of Wales 2. the Hundred Years War (1337—1453) Joan of Arc; the effective use of guns圣女贞德 3. the Black Death黑死病(1348—1349) Killed between one half and one third of the population of England During the next 50 years, reduced England’s population from 4 million to 2 million by the end of 14th century. 4. the Wars of the Roses玫瑰之战 (1455—1485) 　the House of Lancaster, red rose; the House of York, white rose; practically extinguished feudalism in England Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon --Mary the Catholic Church; the Protestant Church Anne Boleyn --Elizabeth Jane Seymour---Edward Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived Edward VI Mary I, Bloody Mary The Elizabethan Age 1558－1603 Elizabeth I; Literature---Shakespeare, Spenser, Francis Bacon, Thomas More Adventure of the sea the Armada无敌舰队 Sir Francis Drake 即位时英格兰处于内部因宗教分裂的混乱状态，但她不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大， 富有的国家之一。英格