南山中学2018届高三英语-语法过关(专题一)—句子结构.doc

绵阳南山中学高2018届英才班用英语语法专项 By 卢安明 南山中学2018届（英才班）高三英语语法（1）—句子结构 第 PAGE 4页 （共 NUMPAGES 4页） 南山中学 2018届（英才班）高三英语语法过关（专项一）—句子结构 简单句 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+系动词+表语 在本句型中, 由系动词及表语构成表性状的复合谓语, 说明主语的身份, 特征, 性质, 状态等. 英语中除了最常见的系动词be以外, 还有表示感官的连系动词look, feel, sound, taste, smell等; 表示变化的连系动词get, turn, become, grow, fall, come等; 表示状态的连系动词keep, remain, stay, continue, seem等. Rose is an English boy. The boy looks like his father. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些动词后面, 可以有两个宾语, 这个宾语一个指人, 一个指物, 指人的叫间接宾语, 表示动作的方向和目标; 指物的叫直接宾语, 表示动作的承受者, 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前. 例如: She brought me some fruit. Can you do us a favour? 这两个句子中的间接宾语都可以变成介词短语放在直接宾语后面. 例如: She brought some fruit to me. Can you do a favour for me? 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 句型中的宾语常用名词或代词宾格. 常用来作宾语补足语的成分有名词, 形容词，动词不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词, 介词短语和副词等. 例如: She named her baby John. We elected him monitor of our class. Keep the room clean and tidy, please. His father wished him to be a musician. We consider it a pity that they have given up trying it a second time. 并列句 and, not only…but (also)… neither, nor, neither……nor……等词连接的并列句, 在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申, 包括肯定和否定两方面的意义. 例如 One day, I was late, my teacher was angry. Think it over, and you’ll find a way out. Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it. Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother. or, either……or……连接并列句表示选择. 例如: The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择) The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法) Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件) 反意疑问句 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that, these, those时, 疑问部分的主语, 不再用指示代词, 而要用it或者they代替. 例如: That isn’t your dictionary, is it? These are interesting stories, aren’t they? 当陈述句部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, none等合成代词时, 疑问部分的主语多用they, 例如: Everyone came here, didn’t they? Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? 当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时, 疑问部分的主语用it. 例如: Nothing is too difficult for him, is it?