HEAT TRANSFER - salemmbrothers6传热salemmbrothers.pptVIP

6. HEAT TRANSFER Heat Exchange There are two methods of heat exchange: Indirect transfer The transfer of heat through a tube wall is called indirect transfer. Examples – heat exchangers, furnaces, boilers Direct transfer Another method by which heat exchange can be accomplished is without the benefit of transfer surface. The type of heating/cooling is called direct transfer and brought about by intermingling the hot and cold fluids. Examples – fractionators, cooling towers, strippers Heat Exchange Flow of heat: Steady state Rate of heat transfer remain constant and is unaffected by time Unsteady state Rate of heat transfer at any point varies with time Examples – batch process, cooling and heating of materials, certain types of regeneration, curing or activation process. Heat Transfer Methods of Heat Transmission Convection – transports heat by carrying hot portions of a fluid from one place to another Example – home water heater Q = U * A * (t2 – t1) Convection All system of heating and ventilating depend upon what are called convection currents, which, in turn, depend upon the expansion of liquids and gases. Any gas or liquid expands when heated, volume increases, density decreases. In a convection current, the lighter fluid is pushed upward by the heavier surrounding fluid. Since the rising part of a convection current is warmer than the returning part there is a transfer of heat from the heat source to the cooler parts of the fluid at the top. Heat Transfer Methods of Heat Transmission Conduction – the passage of heat from one part of a substance to another part of the same substance or from one substance to another in physical contact with it, without the movement of particles of either substance. Example – metal spoon in hot coffee Q = K/L * A * (t2-t1) Conduction Heat that passes from one part of a substance to another part of the same substance or from one substance to