汉英翻译理论与实践.pptVIP

汉英翻译理论与实践 主讲人：严成芬 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会﹑冷餐会是广交朋友的 好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 汉语的理解 双方见面寒暄几句… …也就各自走开。 They will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas. 甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。 They will leave even after a lot of talking. 二话没说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 They usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths. 英语表达 从词法上看，英语名词有数的范畴，汉语没有这一范畴。如Asians, French, Etiquette. 从句法上看， 改译：…冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会In Paris, various parties and buffet meals are good opportunities to make a lot of friends. 文化因素 名片的表达方法有很多，比如name card 和business card 是指业务名片，visiting card是指拜客名片，在美国英语中指calling card. 参考译文 In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. they will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation. 汉英词汇翻译与比较 汉语词义比较严谨，词的含义范围相对较窄，位置比较精确固定，词的伸缩性和上下文的依赖性比较小，独立性比较大，加上汉语历来有四六骈体，行文用字宜双不宜单的习惯，四言八句多，讲究工整对仗，文采华丽，因而用词常伴有很多同义重复现象，与英语形成很大反差。如中国人喜欢说：“彻底粉碎，走南闯北，欢天喜地等等，这些表达都有明显的同义重复现象。而英语行文用字则注重上下文的照应和逻辑上的合理搭配，强调客观简洁，层次清楚，最忌堆砌，重复，累赘，语言上追求一种自然流畅之美。 例：这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，芳草萋萋。 It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass thrive on both banks. 动态和静态 英语是屈折语（inflectional language), 汉语是非屈折语（non-inflectional language),相对而言，英语语言形态丰富，因而英语动词的使用受形态的制约，而名词就没有这个问题，因而名词在英语中占优势，汉语的词类没有形态变化问题，因而汉语中动词非常活跃，可以连用。英语倾向于多用名词，因而叙述呈静态，汉语多用动词，因而呈