明代官员的致仕制度.PDFVIP

南亞學報第二十九期 明代官員的致仕制度 明代官員的致仕制度 蕭慧媛 南亞技術學院觀光與休閒事業管理系 摘要 明代官員的致仕制度是建立在歷代致仕制度的經驗上 ，施行期間並根據當時 政治的需要而有不同的發展，乞休規定從年齡條件到注意身體狀況，後來並將行 政績效納入考核的演化。其中主要顧及王朝的需求及現實狀況。建國之初，如何 進用人才及勉留重臣是朝廷的要務，隨著學校、科舉的開辦，朝廷官員來源不缺， 如何去蕪存菁反成為朝廷人事的重點，如何新陳代謝、活絡進用管道，以維持官 僚隊伍的活力，漸成國家關注的問題，也是致仕制度一再修正的原因。明代官員 的致仕制度較前代更為完備，加上皇權高漲，使官員乞休致仕的施行較為確實， 宋代官員老死不去的情形，明代則較少。 本文試圖對明代致仕制度的內容包括制度本身、官方的規定、實際的運行、 皇帝及官員的作為加以探討；並及致仕待遇的不同，包括實質的及精神的，以及 文武官員乞休的過程及運作等，略作分析，求正各方，尚祈賜教！ 關鍵字：明代、致仕、皇權 TAO 電子郵件信箱：shiao48@ 電話：03-4361070 分機 7506 365 南亞學報第二十九期 明代官員的致仕制度 RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF THE OFFICIALS IN THE MING DYNASTY Shiao,Huei-yuan Department of Tourism and Leisure Management, Nanya Institute of Technology Abstract The retirement system of the officials in the Ming dynasty was built on its time-honored experiences during the past. It had different developments in different times according to its operation and the political requirements. The regulations of retiring were from age conditions to attention-physical conditions; later the administrative performance was also brought into the evolution of assessment. Additionally, major demands of the dynasty and the realistic situations among them were mainly under consideration.