Foam Drilling(泡沫钻井英文).pptVIP

Foam Drilling(泡沫钻井英文） “Foams consist of a continuous liquid phase, forming a cellular structure surrounding and entrapping a gas.” Section 3 - Page 1 1 Make Up 2 Generation 3 Disposal 4 Drilling Practices 5 Problems Deliver energy to bit Clean the drilling face Cool and lubricate Power downhole tools Transport cuttings Suspend cuttings Transmit data to surface Stabilize bore hole Create an impermeable barrier Hydrostatic control over influx Release cuttings at surface Functions of Foam as a UBD Fluid Section 3 - Page 2 Foam Classification Quality Refers to the volume of gas expressed as a percent. Low and high quality are identified by liquid content. Texture Describes the size and distribution of the bubbles. Ranges from fine foam (small bubbles) to coarse foam with large bubbles. Regardless of the quality and texture, foam will decompose over time. This decomposition is called it’s half life (typically around 5 minutes). This is caused by the individual bubbles bursting due to weakening as “skin” fluid drains until burst. Section 3 - Page 3 Foams have very high viscosities, this makes for excellent hole cleaning at much lower annular velocities than is needed for mist or dry gas The low density of foam is ideal for UBD applications ( ? the weight of water) Higher annular pressures with foam can help reduce wellbore stability problems Foam can be produced by mixing a surfactant solution with a gas flow and injected it at pressure into the drillstring. The foam used in stable foam drilling is formed at the surface by mixing the surfactant and gas in a foam generator. A “stiff” foam is a foam in which the liquid phase is intentionally viscosified. The greatest benefit of foam is its ability to lift large quantities of produced liquids. Section 3 - Page 4 Foam Foam Stability The quality of foam will reach a ceiling-around 97% to 98%. Greater than 98% will revert to a mist. Shear rates can further affect this change. They can lower the quality as far as 94% Ad