基于fpga的激光扫描细圆柱体直径精密检测仪的研究-检测技术与自动化装置专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘要 光电检测技术是光电技术的核心，已成为信息技术中最活跃的高新技术之 一，基于 FPGA 的激光扫描细圆柱直径精密检测仪是在光电检测技术的基础上研 制的高精度检测仪，它可以对光纤、光缆、电线、电缆等进行非接触的动态测量， 具有速度快、精度高、性能稳定等优点。 本文在激光扫描检测技术的理论基础上，确定了基于 FPGA 的激光扫描细圆 柱直径精密检测仪的总体设计方案，阐述了检测仪硬件电路及其相应软件的设 计、检测仪光学系统的设计、及与其相配套的机械系统的设计。 本文针对误差，采取了相应的软硬件修正措施，表现在以下几个方面： 在光电信号处理电路中，设计了光电信号自适应调节电路，使得信号始终稳 定地保持在一定幅度的范围内，获得了更加理想的信号波形。 利用同步信号接收器产生一个和测量脉冲同步的信号，用于启动计数器，从 而提高测量结果的精确度。 利用带有细分技术的驱动器来驱动步进电机，消除了由于低频而引起的共振 现象，并针对步进电机在快速启动和停止过程中产生的堵转和丢步现象，提出了 加减速算法，使得电机可以稳定可靠的运行。 在软件方面，利用限幅滤波法和滑动递推滤波法相结合的数字滤波技术抑制 随机干扰，其计算速度快，且平滑度好,并利用最小二乘拟合法对测量误差进行 修正。通过这些方法，有效地提高了测量系统的精度。 利用基于 FPGA 的激光扫描细圆柱直径精密检测仪对已经计量部门标定的标 准件进行了大量实验。测量结果表明，该仪器的性能指标均达到技术要求。 关键字：光电检测技术，动态测量，非接触，高精度 II II Research on precise thin cylinder diameter measuring instrument based on FPGA by laser scan ABSTRACT Photoelectric detection technology is the core of the optical technology, and has become one of the most active information technologies. Precise thin cylinder diameter measuring instrument based on FPGA by laser scan is a highly accurate detector using photoelectric detection technology. It can do non-contact dynamic measurement on optical fiber, cable and wire etc. It has the advantages of high speed , high precision and stable performance, and so on. Based on the theory of laser scanning detection technology, the article established the overall design scheme of research on precise thin cylinder diameter measuring instrument based on FPGA by laser scan. It described the design of hardware circuit and related software, and the design of optical system and matched mechanical system. For external disturbances，the article takes corresponding correct measures by hardware circuit or software shown as followings: A self-adapting circuit is designed to adjust the electric-optical signal to maintain its amplitude stably and obtain an ideal waveform. Synchronous signal receiver is utilized to produce a pulse synchronized with the measuring pulse, which is used to start the counter, thus improving the accuracy of measuremen