summarizing英语教学课件.ppt

summarizing Lee definition The summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. The gist or main theme of a piece of a writing expressed in as few words as possible. to offer as accurately as possible the full sense of the original, but in a more condensed form. Uses of summary-writing improving reading comprehension Requires carefully reading ?concentration of attention good for composition writing. Express one’s thought clearly, concisely Practical uses for scientists, businessmen, lawyers, government officials etc. (the quick reading ability) procedure reading1) Read the passage through to get the gist. What is the central idea of this piece of writing? what is the writing saying about it? what does he mean? 2) Give a title to your summary. word, phrase, short sentence Topic sentence at the beginning/ end of the passage.3) understand the details as well as its main idea sentence by sentence, word by word look up unclear words in a dictionary 4)Decide important (essential) points 5) take down main points- the subject, title, and important details. Writing 1) length. 1/4~1/3 ?the length of the original.摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长 2) your own words, instead of a patchwork from the original.摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子  3) follow the logical order of the original.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实 4) fully and clearly convey the message of the original.摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意 5)compression:? ? ?- omit the details.删除细节,只保留主要观点 ? ? - reduce the examples.选择一至两个例子 ? ? - simplify the descriptions.把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子? ? - eliminate all repetitions.避免重复 ? ?.? ? ?  - compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words压缩长的句子,使用词组代替整句或者从句 ? e.g. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like. → He was very brave in battle