《组织学和胚胎学》PPT课件 第九章 神经系统的功能.pptVIP

复习题 感受器的一般生理特性 眼视近物的调节 眼的折光能力异常 两种感光换能系统 暗适应 明适应 行波理论 Nervous tissue is composed of two main cell types: neurons and glial cells (二)神经纤维的功能与分类 2、神经纤维传导兴奋的速度 Diameter of the axon Myelinated or non-myelinated Temperature 4、Classification of Nerve Fibers Sensory nerve 5.轴浆运输（Axoplasmic transport） 顺向（Anterograde axoplasmic transport） 逆向（Retrograde axoplasmic transport） Types of Neuroglia CNS Astrocyte Microglia Oligodendrocyte PNS Schwann cell Satellite cell Classification of Synapse Summation of EPSP or IPSP Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus(海马) LTP LTD Non-synaptic Chemical Transmission Varicosity Gap Junction Neurotransmitter Receptor: Ligand Adr α=β 心β1 血管α1 β2 NA α＞β心β1 血管α1 β2 Isop α＜β心β1 血管α1 β2 Amino acids Excitatory transmitters Glutamate Aspartate Inhibitory transmitters ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glycine: secreted mainly in the spinal cord Peptides Substance P Neurokinin A Neuropeptide (Y) Hypothalamic regulatory peptides (HRP) Brain-gut peptides Calcitonin gene-related peptide (cGRP) Opioid Peptides ?-endorphin Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin Dynorphin Other Neurotransmitters in the CNS NO: occurs especially in the brain that responsible for long-term behavior and for memory CO PG Spinal cord Thalamus ①非洲睡眠病：蚊咬后慢慢睡死(解剖见病变在非特异性投射系统); ②苏一患者除有一眼视觉外，无其它感觉，当遮其眼后，则慢慢睡了; ③白天各种刺激↑→上传↑→觉醒 晚上各种刺激↓→上传↓→睡眠 Sensory column of somatosensory cortex Vertical column Pain The purpose of pain A main protective mechanism for the body Pain receptors and their stimulation Pain receptors: nociceptors Free nerve endings in skin and internal tissue Stimulation Mechanical Thermal Chemical Bradykinin, 5-HT, histamine, K+, acids, ACh, PG （3）反射弧(reflex arc)： ? 感受器：肌梭(muscle spindle) ? 传入：Ia、II类纤维; ? 中枢：?运动神经元; ? 传出： ?、?、?纤维 ? 效应器：梭外肌 Characters of primary motor cortex Basal ganglia and their motor functions Basal ganglia Caudate nucleus（尾状核） Putamen（壳核） Globus pal