DNA为模板的一维纳米金属线的电化学合成与其在电分析化学中的应用.doc

摘 要 纳米材料的物理、化学性质不同于微观的原子、分子，也不同于宏观 物体。纳米材料具有其它一般材料所没有的优越性能，可广泛应用于电子、 医药、化工、军事、航空航天等众多领域。零维纳米材料的制备、性能和 应用的研究已经取得了很大的发展，但是一维纳米材料的制备、性能和应 用等仍面临一些困难。金属纳米线由于其应用范围广泛，已成为一种重要 的纳米结构材料，因此，寻找一种高效、便捷的制备金属纳米线的方法是 极为重要的。 本论文的工作是采用脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）作为制备一维纳米金属材 料的模板，将其固定到电极的表面，利用 DNA 分子上含有的磷酸根所带的 负电荷与金属离子或配合物所带正电荷之间的静电作用，将金属离子组装 到 DNA 模板上，采用电化学还原的方法，制备出金属纳米线。通过选用不 同的贵金属离子（如银、铂、钯等离子），制备出不同种类的贵金属纳米 线。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和 X-射线衍射（XRD）对获得的金属纳 米线进行了表征。探索了 DNA 模板在电极上的固定方式、金属离子浓度、 活化时间以及还原电位等实验条件对纳米线结构的影响。优化了电化学方 法制备纳米线的条件，获得较理想的贵金属纳米线。在此基础上，探讨了 所制备的贵金属纳米粒子的电化学性质。初步研究了用电化学方法制备的 纳米粒子对有机小分子和 NO 的电催化氧化性质。 关键词：DNA 模板；贵金属；纳米线；电化学方法；电催化氧化 1 Abstract Nanomaterials have different physical 、 chemical characters from macroscopical materials and microscopical atom and molecular. When the materials were made to nanoscale, its optical, electrical, magnetic and chemical characters were changed evidently in corresponding. Nanomaterials have many predominant capabilities; it can be applied to many fields, such as electricity, medicine, chemistry and military et al. The studies of preparing, properties and applications of nanoparticals have made greatly progress. But many difficulties with one-dimensional nanowires prepare. One-dimensional nanomaterials have important applied prospect in researching nano-instruments. Metallic nanowire is an important nanostructrue with unique properties that support a wide range of applications. It is important to search for a convenient method to synthesis nanowires. In this thesis, the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was modified to electrodes surface as template for preparing one-dimensional nanowires. Through electrostatic interaction that between the positive charged metallic ions and the negative charged DNA phosphate groups, the metallic ions were assembled to DNA-templated. Then the electrochemical method was used to reduce the ions that binding to the DNA, and prepared metallic nanowires. Several noble metallic ions were chosen (such as Ag, Pt, Pd et al.) and made out different