光合作用各个细胞器 photosynthesis.ppt

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO2) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H2O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). 6CO2 + 6H2O ? C6H12O6 + 6O2 Question: Where does photosynthesis take place? Plants Autotrophs: self-producers. Location: 1. Leaves a. stoma b. mesophyll cells Stomata (stoma) Pores in a plant’s cuticle through which water and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere. Mesophyll Cell Chloroplast Organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Thylakoid Question: Why are plants green? Chlorophyll Molecules Located in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll have Mg+ in the center. Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue-420 nm and red-660 nm are most important). Plants are green because the green wavelength is reflected, not absorbed. Wavelength of Light (nm) Absorption of Chlorophyll Question: During the fall, what causes the leaves to change colors? Fall Colors In addition to the chlorophyll pigments, there are other pigments present. During the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments. Carotenoids are pigments that are either red or yellow. Redox Reaction The transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another. Two types: 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction Oxidation Reaction The loss of electrons from a substance. Or the gain of oxygen. Reduction Reaction The gain of electrons to a substance. Or the loss of oxygen. Breakdown of Photosynthesis Two main parts (reactions). 1. Light Reaction or Light Dependent Reaction Produces energy from solar power (photons) in the form of ATP and NADPH. Breakdown of Photosynthesis 2. Calvin Cycle or Light Independent Reaction or Carbon Fixation or C3 Fixation Uses energy (ATP and NADPH) from light rxn to make sugar (glucose). 1. Light Reaction (Electron Flow) Occurs in the Thylakoid membra