自考英语词汇学笔记整理.doc

Chapter 1 1 - The definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 1 一个单词定义包括以下几点： （ 1 ）最小的自由形式的语言; （ 2 ）固定的语音; （ 3 ）固定的意义; （ 4 ）在一个句子中可以单独运作的一种形式。 词是语言中的最小的自由形式，词有固定的语音，固定的意义固定的句法结构 2- Sound and Meaning: symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 2 -声音和意义：象征性联系几乎总是任意和常规。 狗称为狗不是因为声音和三个字母构成单词只是自动显示该动物的问题。 3- Old English, the speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from选自…. the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination. 3 -古英语，讲话的时间是非常代表更忠实地以书面形式比今天。内部原因是，英文字母表选自从罗马人，在语言中它没有一个单独的字母表现每一个语音，使一些字母必须做的双重职责或结合在一起工作。 Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart. 另一个原因是，已经改变的发音速度超过拼写多年来，在某些情况下，两国已制定相距甚远。 A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary. 第三个原因是，是由于早起抄写员造成的。 最后是借款，这是一个丰富了英语词汇重要的渠道， 5 - Vocabulary: All the words in a language make up its vocabulary. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabular