管兵政 治社会学的历史比较研究第五讲.pptVIP

SOSC 602R L3 Lecture 3 Macro-Historical Studies SOSC 602R L3 * The Comparative Historical Method Small N, Many Variables Multivariate analysis Explains by historical processes, class relations, social and econ. changes, etc. Structural explanation Cannot confirm theory but serves as a valuable check for theoretical speculation SOSC 602R L3 * Class Analysis Major Classes The Landed aristocracy/upper class The bourgeoisie The middle class The (urban) working class/workers Peasants Others (smallholders, farmers, gentry, etc.) SOSC 602R L3 * Barrington Moore Alternative Routes of Historical Devt: Democracy, Fascism and Communism Commercialization of agriculture The role of the landed upper class, bourgeoisie and peasants Economic and Structural Explanation SOSC 602R L3 * England– parliamentary democracy Wool Trade Commercial outlook of landed aristocrats Enclosures for sheep raising in 16-17 C. Civil war in 17 C.– victory of alliance of bourgeoisie landed aristocrats Large tenants and yeoman supported commercialization Increased enclosure wiped out the peasantry SOSC 602R L3 * France Aristocrats dependent on monarchy to extract from peasants– depends on dues Sale of office– bourgeoisie dep. on king Wine as most important produce Poor peasants enraged by increase dues, susceptible to radical egalitarian thoughts French revolution in 1789 removed monarchy landed aristocracy SOSC 602R L3 * 3 routes to modern world Democratic– bourgeois revolution– peaceful (England) or violent (France, US) Top Down revolution– landed upper class coalesced with state to build a repressive regime – Fascism (Germany, Japan) Peasant revolution– communism SOSC 602R L3 * The Democratic Route Feudalism helps Rough balance b/w noble and crown No bourgeoisie, No Democracy Landed aristocrats attitude to commercialization of agric. Preindustrial bureaucratic elite royal absolutism Revolutionary break with the past SOSC 602R L3 * The Fascist Route 2 possibl