热敏性材料的咸水脱盐研究高分子化学与物理专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘要 摘要 摘要 在本论文中，我们对基于热敏性聚离子液体水凝胶的正向渗透咸水脱盐进行 了系统研究，并对热敏性碳量子点在咸水脱盐中的应用进行了探索。具体研究内 容如下： (1)利用自Fh基聚合法制备了热敏性聚离子液体水凝胶，通过反离子和交联 剂的亲疏水性对聚离子液体水凝胶的温敏性性质进行调控。由于聚离子液体水凝 胶所固有的聚电解质特性，其可以产生较大的渗透压，因而使其具备较好的成水 脱盐能力。同时，由于其热敏性的特性，吸入水凝胶中的脱盐水可以通过水凝胶 的体积相转变有效地释放出来。此外，以上过程可以多次循环重复，从而可以持 续地从咸水中产生脱盐水。研究结果表明，从聚离子液体水凝胶中释放的脱盐水 毒性较低，且聚离子液体残留较少，因此该材料在咸水脱盐及污水净化领域有较 好的应用前景。 (2)利用高温热裂解法制备对苯氨磺酸钠改性碳量子点，并对其表面对苯氨 磺酸钠密度进行了表征。通过离子交换方法，调节碳量子点表面亲水性反离子与 疏水性反离子比例，从而调节碳量子点的聚集温度。碳量子聚集温度不仅与表面 反离子亲疏水性有关，还与其浓度密切相关。通过控制温度可以调控碳量子点的 聚沉，从而将其与水溶剂进行分离，为其在正向渗透脱盐领域中的应用奠定了基 础。 关键词聚离子液体水凝胶正向渗透相转变热敏性 万方数据 AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract In this thesis，we have investigated the forward-osmosis(FO)desalination with poly(ionic liquid)hydrogels as smart draw agents and the thermosensitive properties of carbon quantum dots．The main results are as following： (1)We report simple method to prepare thermo-sensitive poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)hydrogels as smart draw agents for FO desalination．These polyelectrolyte hydrogels produce high osmotic pressure that Can draw the desalinated water from brackish water into the hydrogel through semipermeable membrane．Due to the thermo—sensitive nature of the PIL hydrogels，the liquid water can be easily recovered and the hydrogel Can be re-used by temperature cycling．Moreover,the nontoxicity of the draw agents and the negligible draw solute leakage make the recovered water suitable for drink啦．Due to their unique properties，the PIL hydrogels developed here are anticipated to find applications as smart draw agents in desalination of brackish water and in purification of contaminated water． (2)Employing the high temperature to form the carbon quantum dots grafted bY the sodium sulphanilate．At the same time，we also find the density of the sodium sulphanilate the surface of the carbon quantum dots，which enable US to time the aggregation temperature of the carbon quantum dots after ions exchange method．On the other hand,the aggregation behavior of the carbon quantum dots is not only related to the rat