英语语法汇总.doc

PAGE 89 第一章 名 词 一、名词的分类: 名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 专有名词:Beijing Smith the United Nations 个体名词:man, expert, factory 可数名词 集合名词:audience(观众),class, family 普通名词: 物质名词:water, coal, rice 不可数名词 抽象名词:surprise, honour, help 二、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般情况,直接加-s。 port(港口)→ ports;technique(技术)—techniques 2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾发[s]、[∫]、[t∫]、[dЗ]音的词,加—es bus—buses, box—boxes, bush—bushes branch—branches,stomach—stomachs(stomach词尾发k,故复数直接加-s) 3.辅音字母+ y,变y为i,加-es university—universities y前为元音字母,直接加-s boy—boys 4.以O结尾加-es hero—heroes O前为元音字母,及部分外来词直接加-s zoo—zoos radio—radio piano—pianos photo—photos 5.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es leaf—leaves wife—wives ※以下f结尾单词直接加-s belief—beliefs(信念) roof—roofs(屋顶) proof—proofs(证据) safe—safes(保险柜) chief—chiefs(首领) gulf—gulfs(海湾) 6.不规则名词 man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen 注1:有些可数名词的单复数相同,要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数,例如: sheep 羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿 means手段,方法 works工厂,作品 series系列 注2:在些可数名词,只有单数形式,但表示复数意义。如果作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:cattle 牛 people 人民 police 警察 注3:集合名词既可看作单数(作为整体),也可看作复数(作为集体的各个成员)。例如:audience(观众) class(班级) family(家庭) group(小组) Her family is well-known in the region. 她家在该地区是名门望族。 His family are quarrelling severely about the property. 她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争吵。 改错:1. Every possible means have been tried to cure the boy of his illness. A B C D 2. Fish always sells well in the markets because fish contains rich protein, which can build you up. A B C D 3. Is it the police who is searching the house for a wanted criminal(罪犯)? A B C D 三、不可数名词 物质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词a

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