寄生虫感染的免疫特点.PPT

Laboratory Diagnosis Fecal egg examination (6000/female/day) Sedimentation （first choice) Direct smear Prevention and Control Principles same as for ascaris Drug of choice: Mebendazole (100mg bid ? 3 days) * P.falciparum:? species identification is possible on the basis of the appearance of parasites of each of the four malaria species. Shape and size of asexual parasites and of macro- and microgametocytes, developmental stages in peripheral blood, modifications of infected erythrocytes, presence of dots or clefts on the red blood cells are the main differential characteristics.  * * * /~parasite/ascaris.html * /dpdx/HTML/Search_Choices.htm * /~parasite/ascaris.html * Egg containing a larva, which will be infective if ingested.? /dpdx/HTML/Search_Choices.htm * /~parasite/ascaris.html * /dpdx/HTML/Search_Choices.htm * * * /~parasite/trichuris.html * /~parasite/lifecycles/trichuris_lifecycle.html * /~parasite/trichuris.html Erythema /eri’thi:ma/ 红斑 Diagnosis 首选病原学查诊: 粪便直接涂片法、Kato法 虫卵浓集:离心沉淀法 蛔虫查诊的几个问题 查蛔虫卵为什么首选直接涂片法? 未查见蛔虫卵能否排除蛔虫感染? 查见未受精蛔虫卵提示什么？ 蛔虫为何常见？ Epidemiology 粪肥习惯 土源性生活史－简单！ 产卵量大－24万个/天/雌虫, 虫卵抵抗力强 传播与个人卫生有关 使用未经无害化处理的人粪施肥 粪便污染水源 Prevention and Treatment 预防为主：粪管、饮食卫生、化疗 治疗：阿苯达唑Albendazole 甲苯达唑 蠕形住肠线虫Enterobius vermicularis  成虫形态特征 雌雄大小悬殊 雌虫尾端尖细 雄虫尾端弯曲 虫卵形态特征 透明,两侧不对称 内含蝌蚪期胚胎 Egg is ingested Larvae hatch in small intestine Adult mature in colon Adults lay eggs on perianal region Eggs embryonate on perinea region Eggs contaminate fingers An adult female worm is seen in the perianal region 生活史 寄生部位：成虫于结肠 排离方式：雌虫肛周排卵 感染期： 感染性卵(肛周6h) 感染途径：自身与异体感染 蛲虫生活史 成虫 卵 幼虫 感染性卵 盲肠 结肠 雌虫肛周 潮湿 6-8 小时 Pathogenesis 肛周搔痒、继发性炎症 异位寄生：泌尿生殖道 致 病 主要致病：肛周搔痒及继发性炎症 症状表现：烦躁不安、失眠、夜惊、 夜间磨牙等 异位寄生：泌尿、生殖系统炎症，较为常见的是由于雌虫侵入阴道后而引起的阴道炎、子宫内膜炎和输卵管炎等。 Laboratory Diagnosis 肛周采卵：肛门棉签拭子法 玻璃胶纸法 检获