x射线数字图像质量改善分析测试计量技术及仪器专业论文.docxVIP

x射线数字图像质量改善研究摘 x射线数字图像质量改善研究 摘 要 本文首先分析了x射线数字成像过程中影响图像质量的因素，并将这些 因素分为信息畸变、噪声和x射线散射三类。其中，信息畸变包括CCD暗电 t 流不一致性、CCD光响应不一致性、转换屏对x射线响应不一致性、光学系 7’r 统的渐晕等；噪声包括散射x光子对CCD的作用而产生的脉冲噪声和高斯噪 - ～ 声。 然后，在理论分析和大量实验的基础上，系统地对降低x射线数字图像 质量的因素进行了研究，并采取了有效的手段加以抑制和消除。对信息畸变 引起的图像降质，提出了CCD像元和转换屏响应的不一致性以及图像渐晕的 校正方法。对噪声降质因素，提出了基于行列处理的正向脉冲噪声滤波(RCF一 1,RCF．2)和菱形均值滤波等非线性算法，并与其它几种滤波器作了对比实验， 表明本文所提出的非线性滤波器不但能有效消除正向脉冲噪声的影响，而且 在对图像边缘和细节上具有较好的保护能力。对射线散射降质，提出了散射 模型及散射校正方法，并对图像恢复的维纳滤波提出了改进算法。 最后，综合应用所研究的理论和方法，提出了x射线数字图像降质的综 合治理方法，使图像质量得到明显改善。 关键词t射线数字成像，电荷耦合器件，光响应不一致性，非线性滤波器 脉冲噪声，散射校正，维纳滤波器 兰壁堡茎兰璺塑堕墨垦董婴窒——————旦Abstract 兰壁堡茎兰璺塑堕墨垦董婴窒——————旦 Abstract In this dissertation，the factors degrading the image quality of X—ray digital radiography(DR)are analyzed and classified into three kinds，one of which is information distortion，including CCD dark current nonuniformity,CCD photon ● response nonuniformity,converting screen nonuniformity of response to X—ray radiation，vignetting effect of optical system，the another is noise，including the ～ positive impulsive noise caused by direct hit of scattered X photon toward CCD and Gaussian noise，the third is X—ray scattering． Based on the theoretical analysis and a number of experiments，the factors degrading the image quality are studied systematically and removed by means of effective methods．For the degradation due to information distortion the methods of the correction of the nonuniformity of CCD pixels and converting screen response as well as the vigneRing are presented．For the degradation due to noises the filters based on row and column filtering(RCF一1，RCF一2)and a mean filter with rhombic window for positive impulsive noise suppression are given with their filtering algorithms，and compared with other nonlinear filters through the simulation and actual application．It is shown that the presented nonlinear filters are much more effective not only in reducing the influence of the positive impulsive noise but also in protecting the edges and details of image．For the degra